Water supply system from a well. Water supply from a well - diagram of an autonomous water supply device in a house. Pipes for water supply

One of the main elements of landscaping a private home is water pipes. Regardless of when the water supply system is installed - at the stage of laying the foundation or during a major renovation of the building, the design stage must be approached with full responsibility. How to properly install plumbing in a house, where to start and what materials to use, let's figure it out.

What types of wells are there?

Before you begin implementing an autonomous water supply, you need to find out the source of water supply and methods for its arrangement.

A sand well is considered a more financially economical, budget option. It is a source, the depth of which reaches the first sand layer. This type of water intake allows you to obtain clean and transparent water, since aquifers are located after loamy layers that filter water resources.
The well is often used in cases where the water layer reaches 40 m.

Its main advantages include:

• relatively short drilling time. A well can be formed in just 1-2 days, depending on the equipment used and the required depth;
• cheapness. The low cost of a sand well, compared to an artesian well, is explained by the shallow depth of water intake;
• no need to prepare documentation for work.

At the same time, such a well has a number of disadvantages, among which the most significant are: a short service life (up to 10 years) and a limited supply of water resources at the source.

The process of drilling a well on sand consists of the following activities:

• sampling of water resources;
• obtaining documents on soil quality and water depth;
• well shaft drilling;

• strengthening water intake with pipes;
• arranging a filter at the bottom. Gravel, which is placed at the bottom of the well, is ideal for the filter element;
• setting up the pumping unit and systematically pumping out water.

A sand well is the optimal solution for a limited budget, small land area and a small number of water points.

Artesian water intake (limestone well) is considered more expensive, since drilling is carried out at considerable depths.

Its key advantage is that work can be carried out in almost any place, while the limestone layer is isolated from groundwater and allows you to obtain water that does not require additional purification.
Also, the key advantages of an artesian well include:

• long service life, about 50 years;
• lack of special services;
• no need to install a special filter;
• the ability to service several residential properties at once;
• practically unlimited supplies of water.

As for the disadvantages, there is a high cost of drilling, since the technology is quite complex and requires special equipment and professional skills.

Did you know? According to the law, artesian water is a state strategic reserve. This means that it is necessary to obtain appropriate permits for water intake of this type.

Drilling an artesian well is carried out using a mechanized method: rotary, auger, core or shock-rope. The method will depend on the operating conditions of the well, soil type, and terrain.

Necessary equipment and structures

If a well is used as an autonomous water supply, then in addition to pipes, special equipment is required to install the water supply: submersible or surface pump, filters for coarse and fine cleaning, water dispensers.

Pump

The location for installing water supply equipment largely depends on the nature of the well:

• shallow - a surface pump is considered the ideal option for it;
• deep - use a submersible pump.

Video: how to choose pumping equipment

Surface type Nanoza is cheaper, it is easy to install, and unpretentious in maintenance. The best option is a “3 in 1” pumping station, the design of which includes a surface pump, a membrane tank and corresponding automatic elements.

Only a hose that sucks up water is lowered into the well. This greatly simplifies the installation of water intake and pump maintenance.

Similar pumping stations have one very significant drawback - the low height of water rise. The pump of the device is capable of lifting water from a shallow depth to 10 m.
Because of this, pumping stations have to be located as close as possible to the well itself. Otherwise, you will have to use additional units to overcome the hydraulic resistance from the source.

In order to select a surface pump, take into account the following parameters:

• water depth;
• height of water resources in the mine;
• height of the water point;
• volume of resources consumed.

It is used when it is necessary to lift water from a depth of more than 10 m. It is equipped with special automation, through which water is supplied from the house. In this case, there are no restrictions on the installation location of the equipment. The tank and station control device can be installed anywhere from the wellhead. Experts recommend choosing a dry, clean technical room in the house or basement.

Despite the fact that a hydraulic accumulator is not a mandatory element when organizing a water supply system, it is used almost everywhere. The unit makes it possible to constantly maintain the pressure in the system at the required level, despite the fact that the pumping equipment does not operate constantly.

This is a tank that is divided into two parts by a membrane. The main task of the unit is to maintain and smoothly change the water pressure in the system. One part of the tank contains air, the second contains a certain supply of water, depending on the volume (10-1000 l).

When the liquid volume drops to the set minimum value, the pump automatically turns on to replenish the lack of water.
It is possible not to install a hydraulic accumulator; in this case, the storage tank should be located at the highest point of the object. But you need to understand that such a design is not capable of providing constant pressure in the system, and water will be supplied without the desired pressure, by gravity.

In addition, the absence of a hydraulic accumulator will not be able to ensure full operation of other equipment, for example, a washing machine or dishwasher.

Filter system

A filtration system is also not a mandatory attribute of water supply. However, from a practical point of view and from a water safety point of view, homeowners do not refuse to install such equipment.

In most cases, water coming from a well is contaminated with various mechanical impurities and needs at least minimal purification. In such cases, professionals recommend using coarse filters.

To maximize the level of protection of household appliances and water supply systems, you should find out the composition and nature of the impurities in the liquid. To do this, water is collected, which is taken and tested in laboratories. A detailed analysis shows which filters are needed for a given water supply.

Video review of a filter system for purifying water from a well

The water purification system is a set of filters that are specially selected according to the results of studies of the composition of water. The filtration system is installed after installing the hydraulic accumulator. Two types of filters are used:

• the first is mounted on the edge of the pipe, which is placed in the well. It allows you to clean the liquid from gross mechanical contaminants;
• the second is installed in the house. It is a set of specialized filters with multi-stage filtration.

It is not practical to install fine filters or a reverse osmosis system in such cases. Such units are installed in kitchens where it is necessary to obtain good, high-quality drinking water.

Did you know? Water carries 85% of all diseases in the world. Every year, 25 million people die from these diseases.

If there is no space or opportunity to install a water supply unit indoors, use a caisson - an underground well (special container) made of reliable material, which is mounted above the well.

The caisson does not clutter up the site, does not occupy useful space, it allows you to protect the water intake from the penetration of flood waters or its flooding after heavy precipitation.

The traditional caisson has a simple design. There are factory-made containers on sale that are completely ready for use. You just need to dig a pit and lower the container to the required depth.
The caisson is equipped with all the necessary openings for communications; it is necessary to bring pipes, cables, etc. into them through sealed cuffs. Store-bought caissons are made of plastic or steel.

You can build an underground well on your own. It will cost much less, but will require a lot of physical effort and time. The simplest option is to use rings for the well, which are dug into the ground and covered with a hatch on top.

The bottom of the tank must be concreted, and the structure itself must be provided with reliable waterproofing using special mastic or bitumen material.

You can also form a caisson with your own hands from bricks, blocks, and concrete. A steel barrel is perfect as a well.

Required materials and tools

It is impossible to imagine installing a water supply system without the use of special materials: pipes and fittings (connecting parts). The following types of pipes can be used for wiring:

Experts are clear in their choice and advise giving preference to plastic products. A water pipeline built on metal-plastic pipes requires the use of steel fittings with rubber gaskets, which is quite unreliable, since you have to regularly tighten the water supply parts.

Plastic pipes are not afraid of corrosion, do not leak, are easy to shape, and are much cheaper than metal-plastic or copper pipes. The service life of such a water supply system is about 50 years.

For a tight and durable connection of the system elements, special shut-off valves will be required: valves, fittings, plumbing accessories. Fittings - connecting angles, tees, adapters, should be selected from the same material as the pipe.

Important! Z valves must be of the highest quality, from proven and reliable manufacturers. You should not skimp on it, as good fittings will prevent the system from rupturing and leaking.

Plumbing fixtures include cisterns, mixers (taps), and siphons. Professionals also do not advise saving on these devices.

When installing a water supply system, you will need a soldering iron or iron, which can be used to solder plastic products. You can buy it at any hardware store, it is inexpensive.

Technology for creating a water supply system

Before directly starting to create a water supply system, it is recommended to think through a water supply diagram in which to mark the main components, water intake points and other individual elements.

Laying a water pipeline "house - well"

Laying a water supply system begins with laying out pipes, which must be brought to all the required places, that is, consumers. The movement begins from the source, which is the well.

Video: how to install a well and enter the water supply into the house

Pipe installation is carried out below the freezing level, on a sandy base.

Important! If the pipeline is laid on the border of soil freezing, then the pipes should be wrapped with insulating material to avoid freezing of water resources in winter.

Products made of polypropylene, with an internal diameter of 3 cm or more, are ideal for pipes. If the water supply is long, the pipes are connected with socket clamps of a suitable shape: angular, straight, triangular, etc.

The pipe must be connected to the pump using a clamp or thread adapter. Next, pipes are laid from the source to the house, to the hydraulic accumulator.

The pipe layout is carried out using one of the following methods:

1. . This method is perfect for small houses with 2-3 people. The principle of operation of the scheme is simple: water resources flow through the main pipe into the house, and a tee is installed next to each water dispensing point (faucet, mixer), which directs water to the consumer. A significant disadvantage of this installation is the very low water pressure when several taps are opened at once.
2. Collector connection. Its essence lies in the fact that pipes are laid from the collector to each individual point. In this case, the water pressure for the taps will be almost the same.

The second option is considered the best option for pipe routing. Despite the fact that it will cost a little more, it will allow you to get a good, high-quality flow of water resources at the required pressure.

1. The pipes are laid bypassing all building structures. If this is impossible, then they must pass through the wall along a special glass.
2. All parts of the system in the house must be installed in such a way that they are at some distance from the walls. This will make it possible to facilitate the repair procedure if necessary.
3. If external corners are bypassed, then the pipe should be placed at a distance of 1.5 cm from it, when internal corners are bypassed - at a distance of 4 cm.
4. It is recommended to fix the pipeline elements using special single or double clips.

Video: advantages and disadvantages of pipe routing with tees or manifold

As mentioned above, the connection of polypropylene water pipes is carried out using a soldering iron.

Installation of caisson

To install the caisson, you must first prepare a recess. To do this, a hole is dug around the well up to 2 m deep and approximately 1.5 m wide, depending on the dimensions of the container used. If during excavation work the hole fills with water, then it is deepened a few more centimeters and at the same time the liquid is pumped out.

The result should be a hole with a casing pipe inside. At the bottom of the caisson you need to cut a hole whose diameter is equal to the diameter of the pipe.

The container should then be lowered into the pit, keeping to the center, after which the casing can be cut and welded to the bottom of the caisson using electric welding.

Video: how to install a caisson

The caisson should be covered with soil, leaving on the surface only the hatch required to enter the middle of the structure.

Pump connection

The next stage of the water supply is the installation and connection of the pump. They occur according to the following algorithm:

• before installing the pump, you need to thoroughly clean the well until the water stops producing sediment;
• a pump must be placed in the well approximately 1 m from the bottom of the source, and it must be entirely in the water;
• at the same time, it is necessary to install a PVC pipe through which water is supplied upward, and the cable required to control the operation of the pump;
• after installing the pump, you should install a start-up protection device and a check valve;
• The final step is to adjust the pressure in the tank. The pressure indicator should be 0.9 of the switch-on pressure.

Video: choosing, piping and installing a pump in a well with your own hands

Having installed the pump, you can install the head, the function of which is to protect the source mouth from foreign objects.

Installing a hydraulic accumulator

Installing a hydraulic accumulator allows you to guarantee an uninterrupted supply of water resources in the water supply system. The operating principle of the system is simple: after turning on the pump, the empty tank begins to fill with water.

When you open the tap in the house, water does not come from the well directly, but from the accumulator tank.

As water resources are consumed, the pump automatically turns on and replenishes the lack of water.

The unit should be installed in such a way that in the future it can be easily accessed and repaired or replaced.

Video on how to install a hydraulic accumulator

At the location where the hydraulic accumulator is installed, in the direction of water movement, you need to install a check valve. In addition, before and after installation, it is recommended to install a drain valve required to drain the water.

At the end of the work, you need to firmly secure the battery using a rubber seal. This will protect it and also reduce vibration levels.

System testing

After completion of all construction work, it is necessary to test the system for strength, integrity and tightness. To do this, you need to fill the system with water and let it sit for about two hours.

After the specified time has elapsed, the operating pressure should be increased by one and a half times over a period of 30 minutes twice, with an interval of 10 minutes.

In this case, the working pressure is 0.6 MPa (a pressure gauge is used to measure the pressure indicator). Next, the water must be drained from the system and a thorough inspection of the pipes must be carried out for integrity, leaks, etc.

Video: testing the plumbing system

Before drawing up a project and starting to implement it, you should weigh all the pros and cons of a well in a private house and compare alternative water supply options. In practice, water supply to the building can be organized from any source: a nearby river, pond, spring or a well dug on the site - but you need to be prepared for the fact that its quality and purity will be far from ideal.

If the water supply to the cottage is seasonal, then the construction of a well on the site and the use of a pump to supply liquid in most cases will be sufficient to meet the needs of those living in the house in the summer. When a country cottage is used year-round as full-fledged housing for a family or winter water supply is needed at the dacha, it makes more sense to organize water supply for a private house from a well. This option provides residents with many advantages:

• water supply systems for a private house from a well do not depend on the season;
• the volume of liquid supplied is unlimited;
• excellent quality and purity of the water resource is guaranteed;
• The high reliability of the equipment complex ensures its long-term trouble-free operation.

At the same time, you need to be prepared for the fact that water supply to a house from a well will be more expensive than other methods: the drilling process, the purchase of pumping equipment, water supply and drainage - these activities will require significant expenses.

Funds spent on providing water to a residential building or running water to a dacha from a well guarantee residents decades of comfort, convenience and ease of operation of equipment, and an environmentally friendly lifestyle. Therefore, the monetary costs of carrying out technically complex water supply work are justified.

Where to begin

If it is decided to make a well to supply water to a private house, then the process should begin by determining how deep the aquifer is on the site. Given its shallow location, you can bring water into the house from a well with your own hands. To develop deep artesian wells, you will need to invite a team of specialists with drilling rigs. Then you should draw up a water supply diagram for a private house from a well. Since the general principles of supplying water to a house from a well are the same, it is not necessary to contact specialists to draw up a specific diagram - standard samples can be taken from the Internet.

It is important to remember that the longevity of a water supply from a well is determined not only by the wear resistance of the equipment, but also by the nature and depth of the shaft. The operational period of shallow (up to 40 m) workings lasts about 10 years, and artesian wells last more than half a century.

The very scheme of water supply to a private house from a well is largely determined by the depth of the well shaft: the choice of operating power of the pumps, the total length of the pipeline, the choice of methods for stabilizing pressure in the system and other points depend on it.

Key process steps and total cost.

The entire process of arranging a home water supply, from choosing the place where water is collected to discharging sewage from the building, can be divided into three large stages:

1. drilling and arrangement of water wells;
2. installation of a set of equipment for supplying water from a well: pipeline wiring, connecting pumps, installing water storage tanks, etc.;
3. disposal of used liquid, arrangement of sewerage.

The total costs of organizing water supply in a private home will consist of the cost of work at each stage and the equipment installed.

The final cost is largely determined by the depth at which the aquifer is located. Drilling a deep well, which is called an artesian well, is technically difficult and expensive: prices for 1 m are 2–3 thousand rubles. Considering the depth at which the water is located - from 40 to 230 m, the lion's share of the cost of water supply from the well will go to drilling operations.

Stage one: drilling and well development.

The first stage of installing a water supply system from a well is one of the most important – drilling. It can be done manually or using drilling rigs.

Manual mining is used to excavate shallow shafts. Sometimes it is called drilling “into sand” - by definition of the soil in which a hole is made. This type of work is carried out at relatively low cost; it requires simple equipment: a drill and pipes for casing the walls of the hole.

For work in hard soil (“on limestone”), professionals with drilling rigs are invited, the operating principles of which may differ.

There are several types of mechanical drilling:

Simultaneously with drilling, the walls of the mine are being constructed - casing. The purpose of these actions is to prevent shedding and erosion of the soil by the water supplied upward, and to strengthen the soil around the perimeter of the hole. After casing, they hydropump (flush) the shaft until clean liquid begins to flow from the depths.

Stage two: installation of a set of equipment for supplying water from a well.

Further steps to supply water to a private house from a well in the scheme of work being carried out is the installation of equipment that supplies liquid to the building. Water enters the house from a well through a pipe system. Its movement occurs from the bottom up and in a certain direction, so it is impossible to do without the use of pumps and devices to correct the pressure in the system.

Installation of pumping equipment.

To supply water from a well to a house, two types of equipment can be used:

1. submersible pump;
2. specialized factory-made pumping station.

The choice of one of these two types of hydraulic installations to provide a country house with water from a well is determined by several factors:

• well depth;
• its distance from home;
• estimated daily water consumption;
• height to which the liquid will be supplied.

Depending on these indicators, a pump or station with certain technical parameters and power is selected. If large loads on the system are not expected, for example, when supplying water to a dacha from a well, then you can limit yourself to installing a submersible pump. To supply a residential one- or two-story house or cottage with water all year round, you will need to install a special pumping station, and its power must be sufficient to ensure the transfer of the required amount of water to all water points.

The important components of a water supply scheme for a house from a well are the following devices:

1. check valve that prevents fluid from flowing backwards;
2. hydraulic accumulator - a reservoir with a gasket made of high-strength synthetic rubber, thanks to which pressure surges in the system are leveled out and damage to equipment from water hammer is prevented;
3. automation to control pressure and protect the pump from running dry;
4. There are two types of cleaning filters – for coarse and fine cleaning.

These elements can be installed in a caisson - a specially equipped chamber at the exit of the well to the surface, which protects the mine workings from the ingress of seasonal water and facilitates access to it.

Pipeline installation - the path from the well to the house.

The next step in solving the problem of how to bring water into a house from a well is to lay pipes, connect them, and enter them into the building.

When arranging the water supply for a private home with your own hands, you should first familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics of pipes made of different materials, the principles of their connection, and connection diagrams.

Knowledge of the process of how to make plumbing in a country house or in a house will allow you to do the work yourself or supervise the performers.

To install a water supply system in a country house or country house, the following types of pipes are most often used:

• fiberglass;
• steel;
• plastic PVC pipes.

The water supply from the well is laid underground at a depth of at least 1 m to reduce the risk of freezing in winter. If pipes are laid above the ground freezing level, they must be insulated. It is advisable to enter the pipe and connect the well to the house from the basement - this will reduce the risk of freezing of the liquid when the water supply system exits to the surface of the earth. When we bring a pipe into the house, it is not recommended to bend it - you should use special couplings for corner connections.

If a well is designed in a house, and not on a site outside of it, this can significantly save costs: the length of the pipeline is reduced to a minimum, and the need for its insulation is eliminated.

Pipeline distribution throughout the house to water collection points.

Bringing water into the house is half the work of organizing its autonomous water supply. Next, you should correctly install the distribution of pipes supplying liquid to water collection points: to the kitchen sink, to the shower, to the toilet. First, you need to draw up a graphical wiring diagram and decide on the method of connecting the pipes into a single network. There are two types of connection - serial and collector.

When sequential, one central pipe is laid from the entry point, to which all other branches are connected using tees. This is a simple type of wiring that does not require large expenses, but it has one drawback: when the taps are opened at the same time, the pressure in the system drops, the water pressure at the farthest point of water intake will be low.

A collector connection will require additional costs for the purchase of a distribution unit to which all pipes in the house are connected. In this case, the pipes are connected to the collector separately using valves; they are independent from the others. When making repairs, it is not necessary to stop the entire system; it is enough to close the required valve. The pressure during manifold connection is always stable.

Stage three: a little about drainage.

Sewerage installation is carried out according to the same principles as water supply lines, the difference lies in the diameter of the pipes and their angle of inclination when laid horizontally. To ensure unimpeded drainage of water, wide pipes of 110–150 mm are used, which are laid in the ground at an angle to ensure independent movement of the liquid. The degree of slope is at least 3 cm per 1 m. The liquid is drained into a septic tank or equipped concrete sump, which must be periodically cleaned by pumping out and removing the wastewater.

A well inside the house means maximum convenience at minimum cost.

The answer to the question of whether it is possible to make a well inside a house is most often positive, but the drilling process itself is complicated by limited space and the need to remove excavated soil. The well inside the house should be located at the lowest point of the room, which provides more opportunities for maneuvering the drilling rig. There are also certain requirements for the size of the room where the mine is being developed - it must be more spacious than 2 meters in length and width, and in height it must be half a meter higher than the highest point of the drilling apparatus. Ideally, the well is located in the basement of the house or in a specially dug pit.

Drilling a well under a house is technically more difficult, but it is more economically profitable, it is more convenient to maintain and use.

Conclusion.

Knowledge of how to bring water from a well to a house, how to connect it, helps to navigate the offers of construction companies that provide water supply services to a country house. Mastering the principles of organizing work will help you build a water supply system at your dacha with your own hands or seek help from a specialized company. You can bring water into your home in any area, and the result is worth the money and effort.

The efficiency of an autonomous water supply for a private home depends on the type of well and water supply scheme. Productivity, resource, choice of equipment, optimal operating modes, water quality - all this is interconnected. This article will discuss a typical water supply scheme for a house from a well and possible options for its construction.

Typical water supply diagram from a well

A typical water supply system from a well consists of the following elements:

1. A well is a pipe system that performs several functions. The outer casing pipe prevents the walls from collapsing and protects against the ingress of water. In the aquifer, the casing pipe has perforations braided with galloon metal mesh. This part serves to collect water and filter large suspended particles. The inner pipe made of food-grade plastic is designed to transport water from the aquifer.
2. The pump is responsible for delivering water to the well head and filling the storage tank. Depending on the type and depth of the well, the pump can be submersible or surface. The submersible pump is located in the water and secured with a cable to the head of the well. The surface pump is installed in a caisson.
3. A caisson is a special structure buried in the ground so that the head of the well is below the freezing level of the soil. The pipes of the external part of the water supply and the power supply cable for the pump are also brought here. Shut-off valves, protection and automation elements, and a storage tank can also be located here.
4. The storage tank (or hydraulic accumulator) serves to create an “operational” supply of water and optimize the operation of the pump.
5. The pumping station generates a stable pressure in the internal water supply.
6. The water treatment system is responsible for filtering water. Depending on the purpose, the degree of cleaning may be different for each connection point.
7. The internal water supply system performs the function of delivering water to each point of consumption.

Well types and pump selection

For autonomous water supply, two types of wells are used: “for sand” and “for lime”. In the first case, drilling is carried out to an aquifer of coarse sand, in the second - to aquiferous porous limestone strata. Each area has its own characteristics regarding the occurrence of such layers, but the general thing is that the drilling depth for sand is much less and is usually in the range of 15-35 m.

1. Well for limestone. 2. Sand well. 3. Abyssinian well

Wells for sand are easier to drill, but they have low productivity, and with long breaks in work (for example, seasonal residence), there is a threat of silting of the galun filter.

Lime wells have high productivity - there are layers that can provide water to an entire village. But the drilling depth can reach 200 m, which entails an increase in the cost of the work itself and the cost of equipment.

The “heart” of any autonomous water supply system is the pump. Both the sand well and the lime well operate with submersible pumps. The pump is selected depending on the depth of the well and the required system performance, and this directly affects its price.

There are many different models of well pumps available, and among them you have to choose the best option in terms of technical characteristics and dimensions.

There is another type of well - Abyssinian well. The difference is that the well is not drilled, but pierced. The “working” lower section of the pipe has a pointed tip, which literally pierces the soil to the aquifer. Just like for a sand well, this section of pipe has a perforation covered with a galloon mesh filter, and in order to keep the filter in place during puncture, the diameter of the tip is larger than that of the pipe. The pipe itself performs two functions simultaneously - casing and water transportation.

Initially, the Abyssinian well was designed to work with a hand pump. Nowadays, to supply water to private houses from an Abyssinian well, surface pumps are used, which, taking into account the depth of the caisson, can work with wells up to 10 meters (and only provided that the pipe diameter is not more than 1.5 inches). The advantages of this type of well include:

• ease of manufacture (provided that there is no rock outcrop on the site);
• the possibility of arranging the head not in the caisson, but in the basement (under the house, garage, outbuilding);
• low price of pumps.

Flaws:

• short service life;
• low productivity;
• unsatisfactory water quality in regions with poor ecology.

Why do you need a caisson?

In addition to protecting the well head from freezing in winter, the caisson must have reliable waterproofing of the walls and floor, and also protect the equipment from precipitation.

1. Hatch. 2. The entry point of the pipe going to the consumer. 3. Corrugated walls make the caisson stronger. 4. The ladder allows you to easily descend into the caisson. 5. At the bottom of the caisson there is a prepared pipe for the well head

Caissons can be made yourself from brick or concrete (like a strip monolithic foundation). But there are enough offers for the sale of ready-made forms made of metal or plastic, with a hermetically sealed lid, ladder, holes for the well head and utility lines.

The sizes of caissons can be different: from a relatively small pipe in diameter (so that a person can fit in when carrying out equipment maintenance), to a full-fledged “cellar”, in which there is enough space even for a storage tank.

A steel caisson is much stronger than a plastic one, but it is also heavier and difficult to install in place

Storage tank - purpose and placement options

Apart from the cost of the well itself, the pump is the most expensive element of an autonomous water supply system. Essentially, this is an electric motor, and for it the most “extreme” mode is start-up. Frequent stops and starts lead to a decrease in resource.

To reduce the number of trips and not turn on the pump every time the tap is opened, use a storage tank. It accumulates an “operational” supply of water, and the automation turns on the pump when the level drops to the minimum level and turns off when it reaches the maximum. To do this, you need a float switch (set to two levels) or a pressure sensor that will control the start of the pump. Moreover, the control can be built on the principle of a variable-frequency electric drive, with soft start and stop of an asynchronous electric motor.

There are two options for placing a hydraulic accumulator: on the same level with the well head and in the attic or attic of the house (if they are insulated and heated).

Layout of the storage tank at the same level with the well head. 1. Caisson. 2. Well. 3. Storage capacity. 4. External water supply, laid below the freezing level. 5. Pumping station. 6. Internal water supply

Layout of the storage tank in the attic. 1. Caisson. 2. Well. 3. Internal water supply. 4. Storage capacity. 5. Internal water distribution

In the first case, to supply water to consumers, another pump is needed, or rather, a pumping station, which turns on when the tap is opened and the pressure in the pipe decreases (the control circuit contains a check valve and a pressure switch). The pressure in such a system is consistently high, but the operation of the internal water supply will depend on the electrical network.

In the second case, the water supply to the points occurs “by gravity”, but the water from the head will have to be raised a few more meters, and this is an additional load on the submersible pump. In addition, the pressure in the system will be low and depend on the water level in the container.

Water treatment system

Well water needs purification. It begins already at the stage of water intake, since solid suspended particles have a bad effect on the operation of the pump. In the future, to bring the water quality to the required level, an entire water treatment system is needed.

Water treatment complex. 1. Coarse filter. 2. Aerator. 3. Iron removal filter. 4. Softening filter. 5. Regeneration tank with salt concentrate. 6. Fine filter. 7. Ultraviolet disinfectant. 8. Compressor. 9. Bypass line tap

The first coarse filter is placed in front of the storage tank. It reduces the load on the pumping station. But after it, the water can only be used for irrigation. And for the operation of a boiler, heating system, dishwasher and for personal hygiene, water must be of drinking quality - small suspended particles and salts lead to deposits in the form of sediment and scale, and this will lead to equipment failure.

The specific configuration of the purification system can only be built on the basis of laboratory water analysis. The most common components of water treatment include:

• fine filter from mechanical impurities;
• water softener (reduces carbonate and non-carbonate hardness);
• purification from iron ions;
• chlorination or ultraviolet sterilization, another fine filter (carbon or fine-grained sand);
• decrease in acidity.

As a separate option, a reverse osmosis filter can be installed in the water treatment system to obtain drinking water of the highest quality. It is after this that water is best suited for cooking and drinking.

Internal water supply of a private house

The internal plumbing in a private house, in principle, does not differ from the standards of a city apartment.

Scheme of water supply in a private house with a well. 1. Well. 2. Storage capacity. 3. Pumping station. 4. Water treatment. 5. DHW circuit. 6. Internal water supply with collector wiring. 7. Reverse osmosis purification unit

If the storage tank is on top, then use the top wiring without pumping water.

When placing a hydraulic accumulator in a caisson or basement, use lower wiring with water pumping.

The main advantage of a private house is the ability to use collector rather than series wiring. In this case, a separate pipe is led to each consumer, rather than making a branch from the common pipe using a tee. And then the pressure (pressure) of water at the point of consumption will not depend on the use of water by other consumers up to this point - only the distance from the pumping station and the difference in level will affect it.

Water supply from a well is sometimes simply necessary. But first you need to determine whether a well or a water supply is better. After all, the price of the structure will depend on this.

In this article we decided to analyze this issue. You will learn the difference between these two types of water supply. Learn how to install a water supply system at your dacha from a well. Find out what is needed for this and how it is done.

A diagram of connecting the water supply from the well will be given. Before starting work, it is worth watching videos and photos on this topic and correctly imagining what will be required of us during the work process.

Water supply

Water supply to a dacha from a well is done according to certain rules and technology. However, supplying water from a well is not fundamentally different.

Let's see how this is done and works:

• Do-it-yourself water supply from a well begins with determining the place from which the water supply will be made;
• After this, a diagram of the installation of the water supply from the well is made and the pipeline is laid;
• Now you need a pumping station or just a pump. Everything will depend on the type of structure. The video in this article will help you understand this issue;
• It is also necessary to install a coarse filter, and one should not forget about the check valve, which must be installed before the pumping station;
• You will need a pressure gauge and a ball valve, this is necessary to determine the pressure and adjust it;
• It is necessary to prepare a container for water; it is selected depending on the required volume;
• To get hot water, you should immediately decide whether you will need a water heater or a boiler;

SES requirements for water

In order for no one to pick on us, we need to know the water requirements.

After manufacturing and supplying water to the room, it is necessary to take samples and take them for testing:

• According to the platinum-cable scale, we should not have colorlessness of more than 30 percent;
• There should be no foreign odors or other colors;
• The percentage of nitrates should be no more than ten;
• There should not be more than 10 bacterial bacillus per liter of liquid.

Selecting a source

A well or a central water supply can be chosen as a source, but a supply from a well can also be made and it will not cost much. This must be considered on a case by case basis.

It’s good if the territory of the summer cottage that you purchased has a high-quality well or well. But if it is missing, it must be created.

Attention: When choosing the type of source and its depth, consult with your neighbors. Find out what they use: a well or a well.
Inquire about water quality. Sometimes it is better to do without amateur activities and listen to the advice of more experienced people. In addition, you can do an analysis to finally make sure that it is really good.

Well

A well is the most ancient artificial source that provides people with water.

Attention: It is constructed when the aquifer is located at a depth of 4-15 m. Moreover, the water must be of high quality so that it can be consumed for food.

What's good and what's bad

Before installing a well, make sure that the volume of water is sufficient for your family:

• This option is cheaper than creating a well.
• It is not necessary to resort to the services of specialists; you can purchase the necessary materials and carry out all the work yourself. This will save you a lot of money. The price of the entire structure will be significantly lower;
• A well lasts longer than a borehole. Its maximum service life is 50 years. In addition, the well is independent of electricity, unlike a well.
• But there is one drawback: it may contain perched water, which significantly reduces the quality of the water. But this only happens when waterproofing is performed incorrectly (see).

In some regions, drilling of wells is preferred. The reasons can be very different.
Perhaps there is a spring or underground river with high-quality water nearby, or perhaps the groundwater is at a depth of more than 15 m.

Well "on sand"

When creating it, water is taken from the upper layers of the soil. the first one is achieved. In this option, you only need to reach the first layer of water, which is suitable for consumption. Above it there is dense loam, which filters rain, melt and groundwater.

So:

• In each region, the aquifer lies at different depths, so the depth of a well “for sand” can be 10 - 50 meters.
• This type of well contains 500 liters of water. Since they become clogged with silt and sand over time, this source can be used for about 5 years.
• The terrain on which the well is located is of great importance. The source may turn out to be inexhaustible, because even with low groundwater (deeper than 15 m) you can stumble upon an underground river. In this situation, the filters will not become clogged, and the well will last for more than 20 years.

Attention: It is advisable to look for a suitable place using old-fashioned methods and drill the well manually. As a result of using such methods, there is a greater chance of finding an aquifer with good quality water. During machine drilling, it can be “slipped through”.

Artesian well

In this case, it is necessary to drill to the limestone rock, which lies at a depth of 35-1000 meters or more. An artesian well is a reliable and durable source with a minimum volume of 1500 liters.

So:

• The water found in the limestone layer of soil is of high quality. Typically, wells “for limestone” are not created for personal needs, and if they are created, then they are no more than 135 m deep.

Attention: The process of drilling an artesian well is complicated by the fact that the aquifer of limestone rock is a state property. Before carrying out work, you must obtain the appropriate permit. In addition, the well must be registered.

• Its arrangement takes from several days to a month. In this case, much more money is spent than when creating a well “for sand”.
• Groundwater and perched water cannot enter an artesian-type well. Its service life is approximately the same as that of a well.

Attention: To make drilling an artesian well the most profitable, do it together with other neighbors. After all, everyone needs quality water. And the price will then be significantly lower.

If you want to equip a water source such as a well, ask for a debit calculation. This way you can choose the right pump correctly. And if you do it together, then a pumping station. And these are costs that can be avoided.

Find out the productivity of the well

In order to find out the performance of a water source, you need to:

• Pump out the water using a surface pump or motor pump;
• Then you need to measure its quantity. Tie a string to the nut and lower it into a source of water, then measure the length.

In this way you will recognize the mirror of water. Having received the necessary data, you can proceed to purchasing the pumping station itself.

To familiarize yourself with the parameters, use the system passport. Pay special attention to the presence of an inlet filter and check valve.

Selection of pumping station

It is important to choose the right pump for your country water supply. Pumps are available in surface and submersible types.

So:

• Surface devices are suitable for installation in a home or utility room; they are capable of pumping water that is located at a depth of no more than 9 meters.
• Installation is carried out in deep wells and wells; they can be used to pump water at a depth of 10-150 m.

Attention: Do not forget that in the upper layers there is not such quality water. Therefore, to use it in food, it is better to use a submersible design.

A pumping station is a more convenient option; it consists of elements such as a hydraulic accumulator, a pump, a supply hose and a pressure switch. Such stations are very common and are sold everywhere.

The most famous are those pumping stations that have a centrifugal self-priming pump and a built-in ejector:

• They are designed for sources no deeper than 9 m and supplying water to a height of up to 40 m.
• In order for the station to work, the filler hole must be filled with water so that it flows over the edge, then the lid must be closed and the pump turned on. First, air will be pumped, and eventually water will flow.
• The sensitivity of this type of pumping station to air in the system is insignificant. To release it, simply open the valve (tap). This unit is suitable for collecting water located at shallow depths.
• The pumping station is installed in a caisson or pit. Its installation can be done in the house itself, but only if there is a small distance between it and the well or well.

If you need a system that will purify water where the depth is up to 45 m, then it would be the best option to buy a pumping station with a centrifugal self-priming pump; it has an external ejector installed. It is also used in cases where the water is far from the house and the distance is 20-40 meters.

It is possible to install systems in utility rooms and residential buildings:

• Two pipes are laid from the pumping station, they have an ejector at their end, and they are immersed in the water source.
• One pipe supplies water to the ejector, and the second pipe supplies it to the house.
• A station with an external ejector is sensitive to the presence of air inside the system, but it can be installed in the interior of the building. In this case, the ejector is at the source of water intake.

Attention: When choosing a pump, be sure to pay attention to the suction height. Some devices have a suction height of 8 m, others - 20-45 m.
If this figure is 8 m, then this does not mean that the pump cannot be used in wells that are 15 m deep. Our groundwater depth is significantly higher than the depth of the well itself.

Before arranging a water supply and purchasing a pumping station, check the performance of the source, the volume of water consumption, the pressure in the system, and the level of the mirror. In order for water to flow into the house uninterruptedly, then the pumping station should be selected so that it is not higher than the source of water supply, but must be higher than the level of possible water consumption.

Selecting pipes

Having correctly identified them, you can take them in the required manufacture; they differ in the angle of rotation and this will greatly facilitate the work:

• The diameter of any pipes made of different materials (steel, polypropylene, metal-plastic) must be from 32 mm.

Attention: All connecting seams must be reliable and sealed, otherwise there will be a risk of pipe failure when the water pressure increases when using the water supply. Pay special attention to this.

• When choosing pipes, you should pay attention that the material they are made of is food grade and not technical. Be sure to check this out;
• We need to supply pipes to the premises; the trenches from the well to the foundation of the building must be at least a meter deep. It is important that the level of laying pipes in the trench is below the freezing point of the soil in your area. It is necessary to provide reliable protection by covering the pipeline with insulation (see). For this, mineral wool is used.
  It’s even better if you also lay a special electric cable for heating, which will provide heating and prevent the pipe from freezing;
• An above-ground option for laying pipes is also available. In this case, measures to insulate the external water supply must be carried out. The pipes are laid directly on the ground, or in a preliminary recess. At the same time, a heating electric cable is laid, but in this version it must already be present.

We do our own water supply

Some people think that this is a rather difficult question. In fact, she is not.

If the water supply source has already been created by you or the former owners, all that remains is to install the pipeline, pump and other equipment. You can do all this completely with your own hands and there is nothing to be afraid of.

Water supply pipe layout diagrams

After a water well has been constructed, a diagram of the water supply elements is developed in one of two options:

• Serial connection of pipes.
• Collector distribution of water supply elements.

The first option is suitable for a small house.

The principle of its operation is as follows:

• Water flows sequentially into the house through the main pipeline.
• A tee with an outlet is installed in the desired direction at the points of water consumption.

The disadvantage of this option is that when several water consumers use water, the pressure drops sharply at the most distant point. Therefore, such a scheme for supplying water from a well to a house is not acceptable for a residential country house and cottage, but is well suited for country housing.

Collective pipe distribution is suitable for a country house where people permanently live. With this connection, separate pipes are diverted individually from the main collector to any water intake point in the house.

Possible pressure losses are negligible. Although the cost of a manifold connection is higher, it is compensated by the quality, convenience and reliability of the plumbing system.

Well water supply system

The work of laying pipes and digging trenches is no different. If you plan to install a pump and pipes directly above the well, install a caisson or pit above it. This way you will provide protection against freezing.

Installation of caisson

This work is carried out in compliance with certain rules and technology:

• Dig the well pipe to a height of 2.5 m. The width should be twice the diameter of the caisson;
• After this, compact the bottom of the hole and fill it with a 20 cm thick layer of concrete.
• Then install the caisson.
• Cut the pipe, leaving 50 cm above the bottom of the caisson.
• At this level, create a hole in the caisson through which pipes will be laid in the future.
• Connect the pumping station, concrete the outside of the caisson (layer thickness - 30-40 cm), fill it with cement-sand mixture, and fill the remaining 50 cm with soil.

We connect the pumping station to the well

The remote pump can be installed directly in the caisson. If the well is located nearby, the pumping station can be installed in the house.

So:

• The supply pipe should be placed in a caisson or pit and installed in the well pipe.

Attention: There must also be a faucet designed to drain the system down.

• Install a pump in the caisson, connect it to the well pipe, then connect the pipe that is connected to the house to the pump.

Install the remaining equipment, such as filters, control relays and a hydraulic accumulator, in an outbuilding or home.

We connect the well pumping station

If your well is located close to your house and there is a high water level in it, use a pumping station with a suction height of no more than 9 m.

An outbuilding, a house and the well itself are suitable for installation:

• If the well is deep and remote from the house, use a remote ejector. Install the pumping station in the house, place the ejector in the well.

Attention: The room allocated for installation of the system must be heated. The temperature must be at least +2 °C.

• In front of the pump, install a valve designed to drain liquid;
• We are installing a filter, which will provide rough cleaning, and a check valve.
• After this, install the pump and filter, which will be designed for fine cleaning.
• As a result, if necessary, you can change the cartridge in the filter. Next, install the accumulator.
• After this, the entire water purification and water treatment system is installed.

We make internal plumbing at the dacha

So:

• Run a 32 mm pipe to the cold water supply manifold.
• Install ball valves in it, then connect 25 mm pipes. They will ensure the supply of water to consumers or their groups.
• Corrugated stainless steel pipes, metal-plastic pipes, as well as pipes made of polypropylene and steel are suitable for internal wiring. Corrugated products are the most expensive, but they are easy to install. If you take into account quality and price, the best option is polypropylene pipes. They can be connected with an electric soldering iron and fittings. To work with an electric soldering iron, you do not need any specific skills. In addition, this tool can be rented.

Attention: Before purchasing, carefully consider what you need. After all, during work there will be waste. Write down how many elbows and angles you need to join the pipes.

Lead the pipe to the water heater, then connect, this should be done from the side of the collector, only from its reverse side. A pipe with hot water comes out of the water heater, we make its connection to the collector, after which we make a tap for water drainage and ball valves.

As can be seen from the above, there is nothing particularly complicated. The main thing is to decide correctly on the source and then select the right equipment and you can definitely handle it.

Seasonal options for plumbing systems

Various options can be used to arrange local ones. Taking into account their needs and living options, owners of suburban plots in the absence of centralized communications can independently equip their plots.

Summer design

Summer water supply schemes are represented by the following systems:

• collapsible;
• stationary.

The collapsible design is extremely easy to install and operate. With the arrival of the warm season, you can safely install the necessary set of elements on the site.

A configuration of plastic pipes and a hose are laid on top of the ground in the required directions. The design will be distinguished by high reliability when using high-quality connecting adapters and valves.

The stationary structure is a conventional water supply system laid in the ground. The depth of the bookmark may not be significant. Water taps are installed in the required places. The shallow depth will always allow such a system to be reoriented in the summer season.

However, it should be taken into account that the system may be damaged during frost. Therefore, there must be some slope of the highway to be able to release the system.

Winter design

For efficient and reliable operation of the winter version of the water supply system, it will require careful insulation. This guarantees its safety and functioning.

Work begins on the spot. Many owners combine the water supply with the power cable in a common casing.

The water supply scheme for a private house from a well makes it possible to provide residents with clean water suitable for cooking and drinking. The depth of the well and its equipment are selected based on individual conditions, including the method of using the house (as a summer house or for permanent residence), the number of residents and the volume of water consumption, which in the most optimal case includes not only domestic needs, but also watering the plants on the site. If circumstances do not allow installing a water well with such high productivity on the site, you can use the well for irrigation, and the well for drinking, bathing, and cooking.

In modern conditions, a well cannot provide such high quality water as a well. For those who are ready to point out the traditional nature of wells and their successful operation for many years as an objection, it is worth remembering that many years ago there were no toxic substances in the soil (even if you personally do not use chemicals on the site, they can get into the soil during time of rain together with precipitation or with the flow of water from neighbors), and there were no exhaust gases and dust containing heavy metals in the air.

Do-it-yourself water supply for a private house from a well involves extracting water from an aquifer in the ground. Her purity is ensured by passing through a natural soil filter. Thus, even shallow drilling (“into sand”) produces much cleaner water. In a well, contaminants from the upper layers of soil can enter the water through permeable walls. Deeper artesian water sources are maximally protected by a layer of soil from the negative effects of the environment; their water is the cleanest.

Another advantage of wells is external security. There is no open “mirror”, that is, a water surface on which dust or debris can settle, in such sources, while it cannot ensure tightness, protecting the water only from falling leaves and other large debris.

Among other things, wells become silted over time, and cleaning them is a rather labor-intensive task, while pumping a technically equipped well is easier and more efficient.

Types of wells

Conventionally, wells can be divided into two types depending on their depth and the aquifer used.

Various types of wells - for sand and artesian for limestone

• Closest to the soil surface is located sandy aquifer. Its depth is no more than 50 meters, and in some cases it does not exceed 7-10 meters. The advantage of this aquifer is its accessibility. Wells “on sand” (including Abyssinian or “needles”) can be drilled independently, and even if specialists are involved, the cost of the work will not be too high. At the same time, a shallow depth does not guarantee complete protection against contaminants entering the water. Another disadvantage of sandy aquifers is that they often have low water content, causing the source is depleting quite quickly.

• Limestone aquifer is located at a depth of about 100 m from the surface level, and it contains the cleanest water, protected from toxins. Limestone aquifers are more abundant than sandy ones, and artesian wells designed to extract water from great depths can successfully operated for 50 years or more. It is impossible without the participation of professionals and the use of special equipment. In addition, drilling will require significant investment, as well as drafting and obtaining permits. Despite this, all the efforts and expenses will turn out to be a long-term investment - the capital structure will provide the house and plot with water for many years.

Based on the characteristics of the operation of various types of sources, we can say that the water supply system for a private house from a well “on the sand” is optimal for a summer residence and periodic residence, and an artesian source is suitable for supplying water to a house in which they live permanently.

Water supply system and its elements

The water supply scheme supplied to the house from a well includes the following components and elements:

• the well itself with a caisson that protects its mouth from contamination and temperature changes.
• pump or
• hydraulic accumulator to stabilize the operation of the water supply system, prevent frequent pump starts and uninterrupted supply of liquid during pump repairs or power outages,
• , providing mechanical purification from sand and smaller insoluble impurities, and, if necessary (based on laboratory analysis results), a reduction in hardness and iron content in the liquid,
• a control and monitoring system for the operation of the pump, which includes a pressure gauge and for setting parameters for turning on and off the pumping unit, which prevents air entrapment when the level drops, a ROM for soft start and acceleration of the pump, a gearbox that corrects pressure characteristics.

Pump selection

In order to obtain an uninterrupted and adequate water supply to a private home from a well, the water supply system must include a water pump suitable for certain purposes.

There are complex pumping stations on sale, already equipped with hydraulic accumulators and pressure switches. At first glance, it may seem that such equipment is better used to equip a well than to complete it with separate elements. At the same time, at a pumping station the pumping unit is located on the surface, so it cannot lift liquid from great depths.

Important: The pumping station is only suitable for shallow wells (about 10 meters).

Artesian wells and even shallower sand sources are equipped with special borehole pumps - submersible models, the operating parameters of which are selected in accordance with the operational characteristics of the source, the volume of water consumption in the house in peak mode, as well as the features that water supply systems for a country house from a well have in each specific case (pipeline length, the need to raise water to the 2nd or 3rd floor, attic, etc.).

The main data for the calculation are:

• well depth,
• distance between the accumulator and the well outlet,
• height of the highest water intake point,
• the required pressure in the pipeline (it is important to consider that for some types of equipment, in particular, sprinkler systems or car washes, it must be higher than in a conventional tap; the nominal values ​​are indicated in the accompanying documentation),
• possible losses in the system (if there is no reason to believe that losses will become greater than usual due to leakage, you can take the standard value and add another 2 m to the calculated pump pressure requirement).

In addition to the pressure characteristics, the criterion for evaluating a pump when choosing is its performance.

When installing plumbing into your home, you will most likely need. Read about its varieties on our website.

About the features of irrigation pumps and their selection.

Installation features

The efficiency and reliability of the water supply system largely depends on how correctly the equipment for water supply from a well is installed in a country house.

The first and one of the most important steps is installing the pump. It is performed in the following sequence:

1. Connecting a check valve to the pumping unit.
2. Installation of the crimp coupling and connection to the pipeline located outside.
3. Fixing the cable for lowering the pump into the well (after threading it through the eyes, it is secured using metal clamps).
4. Fixation of the pipe and power cable on the cable for simultaneous and uniform immersion.
5. Lowering the pumping unit to the bottom of the well with a mark of the immersion depth on the cable.
6. Raise the pump 1 m from the bottom (this location is considered optimal).
7. Fixing the cable in .

You can check the operation of the pumping unit a few minutes after installation, after it is filled with water.

The automation is assembled according to the diagram attached to the photo.

Installation diagram of a water supply system from a well with a submersible pump

Pipes for water supply are used with a diameter of 32 mm made of metal-plastic, cross-linked polyethylene or HDPE.

The installation of an autonomous water supply in a private house implies that the pipeline to the house can be carried out through an underground trench or on the surface of the earth, however, in any of these cases it is necessary to exclude the possibility of freezing.

Depending on the depth of the trench, in some cases it is enough to provide underground communications with a layer of heat-insulating material and, if necessary, protect them from corrosion. For these purposes, a water pipe with thermal protection is often laid inside a sewer or corrugated pipe. A practical solution would be to simultaneously lay the supply pump cable through the trench.

When laying communications on the surface, the thermal insulation layer is supplemented with a heating cable.

The correctly selected type of well for your home and proper equipment of the source will ensure continuous autonomous water supply with high water quality.