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Individual heating in the apartment. Individual heating in an apartment: the best options for an apartment building How to install heating in an apartment

Management companies themselves strongly recommend replacing heating pipes to the lucky owners of new buildings, even if branded and reliable materials from well-known manufacturers were used. Why is that? Everything is very simple:

Along with highly qualified workers, the construction site is also occupied by general workers, who during the construction process also perform very important work (due to a shortage of labor), to which they should have absolutely no access. We are talking about the installation of engineering systems, in particular the heating system;

A house takes a long time to build, there are pipe breaks and mechanical damage hidden from view by insulating material, pipes are stored for a long time in inappropriate conditions, dragged from place to place, etc.

We suggest replacing the heating pipes with new ones - manufactured by REHAU. Also, the question often arises about replacing the riser pipes that are laid from the floor distribution cabinet to the apartment; as a rule, their replacement is justified by the risk of leakage.

Also, when replacing heating pipes, we recommend switching from a tee-type heating pipe routing scheme to a collector-beam one, which is more efficient and eliminates connections in the floor screed, allowing you to leave only solid sections of pipes in the mortar layer.

Also, attention should be paid to the heating radiators installed by the developer. In 90% of cases, these are cheap, ridiculous-looking heating devices, selected not according to heat transfer efficiency, but according to the criterion of minimum price.

Therefore, think about replacing heating radiators with more aesthetic ones and selected ones with the required power for each room in the apartment. In this matter, it is important to pay attention to the design of the device, size, connection method and, most importantly, technical performance characteristics, in accordance with the requirements for the heating system from the management company.

For many apartment owners, the issue of heating in winter becomes an acute problem.

As experience shows, centralized heating is no longer justified, since either the equipment is old and simply “does not work”, or the tariffs are unreasonably high.

Is it possible to have autonomous heating in an apartment? Autonomous heating of an apartment in an apartment building is today's reality, but before you decide to install a gas boiler or install a heated floor, you should find out how legal it is, and what system will be cost-effective and reliable.

Read the article on how to make autonomous heating in an apartment.

Autonomous heating in an apartment building

Is it possible to install autonomous heating in an apartment with your own hands? Although there is no legal ban on autonomous heating, it is still It is advisable to consult a lawyer, since some heating systems are prohibited. For example, water heated floors cannot be installed in apartments because they can overload the system, thus depriving other residents of the house of heat.

In other cases, you need to collect the necessary documents and present them to local authorities:

registration certificate for housing;
application for refusal of central heating;
title deed;
diagram of a new heating system;
consent of all apartment residents.

As a rule, such a seemingly simple request as abandoning central heating and switching to providing heat itself turns out to be a lengthy bureaucratic problem.

Even bigger troubles will be installing autonomous heating in an apartment without the appropriate permission. This can result not only in a large fine, but also in court proceedings, so before you decide to equip your apartment with any heating systems, you need to get advice from the relevant authorities and permission for autonomous heating in the apartment.

Schemes for autonomous heating of an apartment:

Advantages and disadvantages

If permission has already been obtained for autonomous heating in an apartment building, then you can begin choosing an alternative type of heat. This is easier to do if you know the pros and cons of autonomous heating in the apartment.

For the first time, an autonomous apartment heating system appeared in Europe. Due to its clear advantages over centralized methods of heating rooms, it quickly spread throughout the world.

Advantages:

The main advantage of the system is significant cost savings. The owner of the apartment independently decides when to turn on and when to turn off the heating. For example, today there are thermostats in which you can set a timer for a certain time, which allows you to either completely or partially turn off the system when no one is home, and turn it on half an hour before the residents arrive.
The owner of the apartment can create the desired microclimate in each room.
Pay exclusively according to the heating meter and do not depend on utility companies and government tariffs.

When making a choice in favor of alternative heat, you need to find out in advance how much autonomous heating in an apartment costs, and what type of heating will be not only economical, but also effective.

Among the disadvantages of such a system, the following nuances can be noted:

Regular preventative checks are required once a year, for which you need to call a specialist. This is not that expensive, but still many users either ignore this need or simply forget about it.
When installing even the best heating radiators for an apartment, you should remember possible heat loss, which are often caused by external walls, unheated rooms below or poor-quality glazing.

Today, many construction organizations are building residential apartment buildings with ready-made autonomous heating systems. Such housing is in great demand, as it is somewhat cheaper and allows owners to independently decide which type of heating to choose.

Gas heating

As a rule, apartment owners face a choice between two types of alternative heat sources:

Designs based on a gas boiler.
Electric heating systems.

Gas heating has a number of advantages:

When installing new heating, the old system must be dismantled. It is easier and cheaper to install new radiators than to try to fit old ones to it. Although modern gas boilers have the highest degree of protection, gas leakage is still possible.

Selection of pipes, boiler and radiators

The operation of the entire system depends on the correct choice of boiler.

They are:

single-circuit;
double-circuit.

For example, if you need to install a boiler to heat water, then you can get by with a single-circuit gas boiler.

When choosing gas heating, it is better to purchase a boiler made of cast iron or special durable metal. Although they are heavy, they will last much longer.

But the pipes for such a heating system polypropylene or metal-plastic are suitable, as a budget option, and copper, if your wallet allows it.

Radiators will also have to be decided in advance. Today, they have gained great popularity among consumers bimetallic heating radiators.

Which ones are actually better for an apartment can be determined by the amount of heat transfer, for example:

cast iron batteries deliver 110 W;
aluminum – 199 W of heat;
steel up to 85 W;
bimetallic - 199 W.

Before purchasing radiators, you need to calculate in advance how many sections will be needed for each room. To do this, the heat transfer of the material must be divided by 100. For example, for a bimetallic radiator it is 199 W/100, which equals 1.99 W per 1 m2.

There are several nuances that should be taken into account when choosing radiators and calculating their quantity:

Having made all the calculations and adding to them the cost of the most autonomous gas heating system, you can decide on its purchase, or you can compare these figures with electric types of heating.

Electric heating

If you choose electricity as a heat source, you can choose:

on an electric boiler;
cable underfloor heating system;
on an infrared film field;
on a heat pump.

An electric boiler is installed in the same way as a gas boiler, but everything is simplified by the fact that it does not require a chimney or ventilation system.

Warm floors, especially heating mats and film systems, have long won the hearts of many consumers. They are a worthy alternative to centralized heating, and with a high-quality thermostat they can significantly save money during their operation.

The operation of heat pumps is based on pumping air from the street and heating it. Modern air conditioners are also capable of providing the necessary amount of heat to all rooms in the apartment, but, as consumer reviews indicate, it is heated floors that make it possible to create truly comfortable conditions.

By installing autonomous heating in the apartment, the owners increase the comfort of their home and save on utility bills. Of course, you will first have to decide on the type of heating system, create a project and obtain the necessary permits from utility services.

But the efforts and labor costs are justified over time, and the room becomes warm and cozy all year round for less money. Which heating option should I choose and what will be required to install it? Our article is devoted to these issues. We will also consider in detail the procedure for documenting the transition to autonomous heating.

An independent heating system is equipment for heating a living space that is not connected to general mains networks.

When properly implemented, the complex provides property owners with optimally comfortable living conditions and makes it possible not to depend on interruptions in the centralized supply of heating resources.

Among the main advantages of individual heating systems are the following:

instant adjustment of the heat level in the apartment and the ability to set the heating temperature personally for yourself;
saving money on utility bills;
operational simplicity and accessibility;
high level of efficiency and high-quality heat transfer;
reliability, safety and durability of equipment.

It is these parameters that attract consumers and make autonomous systems in demand.

Refusal from centralized heat supplies and transition to an independent heating system in the apartment is economically beneficial. The cost of heating a home is reduced by 2-3 times, and the cost of providing hot water by 3-5 times. At the same time, the level of comfort in the room becomes higher

Types of independent heating units

The most popular autonomous heating units include heating boilers operating on different types of resources, collectors and heat pumps. In a private home, you can install any of these heating options or even combine a complex system of 2-3 types of equipment.

A solid fuel boiler is not the most successful option for heating an apartment. For the unit to operate correctly, you must always have a large amount of heating resource on hand (firewood, coal, etc.), and there is simply not enough space for this in standard urban real estate

In an apartment building, the situation is more complicated and the use of most of the above heating units is immediately eliminated for objective reasons.

Some types of equipment cannot be installed in an apartment, either from a technical or practical point of view. The use of others is limited by state and municipal legislation, and others may interfere with the interests and comfortable life of neighbors living nearby.

A water heated floor is an effective heating method, but for heating it takes water from central communications. As a result, neighboring apartments receive less heating resource, but pay for its full volume. Therefore, in the regions, connecting water floors to central systems is prohibited

These nuances significantly narrow the search for suitable equipment, ultimately reducing it to 2-3 heating systems. Each of them has its own specific advantages and small but significant disadvantages.

The choice of the best option occurs individually for each case, taking into account the temperature characteristics of the region, the area and layout of the room to be heated, the availability of heating resources, the specific power and efficiency of the working units, as well as the total cost of installation and installation activities.

Features of choosing a heat source

Choosing a suitable heat source for autonomous heating in an apartment is a responsible and serious issue. Inattention to the situation will lead to the fact that the new heating system simply will not cope with the assigned tasks and will not be able to provide the required level of comfort in the living space.

Heaters for cold areas

If the property is located in a region characterized by harsh winters and aggressively low temperatures, only autonomous equipment running on mains gas will provide maximum efficiency and a high level of heat compared to central heating systems.

Heating an apartment with bottled gas is not economically profitable. The cylinder complex consumes 6-8 times more gas than units using mainline supplies, and storing fuel reserves in a limited space is inconvenient and dangerous

All other sources of thermal energy will not provide tangible benefits, and the efforts spent on purchasing equipment, remodeling the premises and obtaining permits will be in vain.

Heating systems in warm regions

In areas with a milder, warmer climate, in addition to mains gas, it is important to use electricity for heating. Systems operating on this resource are distinguished by ease of use and a high level of safety, but they cannot be called economical. With direct heating, the equipment “winds up” a decent amount, and utility bills cost the owners a pretty penny.

In order to spend energy wisely and not spend a lot of money on bills every month, owners are recommended to install. The operating principle of these progressive devices is not based on direct heating of air, but on pumping a thermal resource from a low-potential source.

This functionality allows you to reduce electricity costs by 3-5 times, without reducing the level of comfort in residential premises.

An air-to-air heat pump will do an excellent job of heating a city apartment. You can place the equipment on the load-bearing wall of the house, having first determined whether the building structure can withstand the additional load

However, due to the specific location and layout, in apartment buildings there is objectively no possibility of installing pumps that use geothermal heat or the energy of non-freezing open reservoirs. Equipment that heats the room by extracting heat from the surrounding air remains available for installation in apartments.

Another good option for heating city apartments is a “warm floors” system that runs on electricity. But its arrangement requires significant financial resources and increases the load on the central power grid.

If the system is intended to be used as the main source of heating, it must occupy at least 70% of the total area of the room. Otherwise, it will not be possible to achieve uniform, comfortable heat throughout the entire apartment.

Legal nuances of the issue

You can’t just change central heating to an autonomous system. First, you will need to notify the local authorities of your desire in writing and wait for a response from them. Whether it will be positive is unknown. The administration may refer to Art. 190 Federal Law and refuse the tenant’s request.

In court, such a verdict is recognized as unfounded, based on a government decree N 307 dated 04/16/2012, which examines in detail the procedure for connecting heat supply systems. This document describes in detail which local sources of thermal energy are allowed and which are prohibited for installation in apartment buildings.

If a modern boiler is selected for installation and meets the requirements for equipment for installing a home heating system, there is no reason to refuse the installation to the resident.

Documents for obtaining permission

To correctly abandon centralized heating and switch to autonomous heating, you will have to collect a package of documents.

It includes:

statement about the desired reconstruction of the heating system;
title documents for ownership of the apartment where it is planned to install new equipment;
technical passport clearly describing the parameters and layout of the premises (original or notarized copy);
project for renovating an apartment to accommodate modified heating communications;
written consent of all residents registered in the apartment;
expert opinion of the department for the protection of monuments on the admissibility of work on the reconstruction of the premises.

Based on these papers, the authorities issue permission to disconnect the client from city communications.

The process of registration of autonomous heating

To order technical conditions for the installation of individual gas heating, written permission to disconnect the apartment from central communications is sent to the local gas distribution company.

Within 10 days, specialists study the technical feasibility of installing the equipment and give the go-ahead (or refusal) for the actual installation of the system.

Refusal to install a gas boiler due to lack of “technical capability” is allowed only in those areas where there are no gas networks and bottled gas is not available for purchase

When the documents are received, the owners purchase a certified heating boiler and contact the design bureau to prepare an equipment installation diagram, taking into account all technical conditions, safety rules and features of a particular room.

At the same time, the heat supply organization is making a project for correctly disconnecting housing from centralized communications. The basis for the procedure is a letter from the HOA confirming the authorities’ permission to transfer the apartment to an autonomous heating system.

Having all the necessary documentation in hand, property owners go to the fire department and there they receive a certificate confirming the fire safety of the developed project.

The general scheme for transferring an apartment from centralized to autonomous heating is the same everywhere. However, in different areas, due to regional characteristics, additional certificates and documents may be required. You can find out their full list by contacting your local administration.

Then the papers are submitted for approval, and the local administration reviews the application within 45 days, and then allows or prohibits the conversion of the premises for autonomous heating. The reason for refusal is Art. 27 LCD (not a complete package of documents provided). This decision can be appealed in court or, adding the necessary certificates, you can reapply for approval.

Another serious reason is the inability to install a chimney or ventilation system that meets certain requirements.

How to calculate heating for an apartment?

To obtain the optimal temperature in the apartment, it is important to correctly calculate the required specific power of the heating equipment before installing the system.

In order for the result to be correct and correspond to reality as closely as possible, real parameters must be taken into account.

All calculations are carried out according to the formula:

boiler = S * Wsp. / 10 m²,

S– total area of the room to be heated;
W– basic boiler power per 10 m².

The data obtained is compared with the average power density current in the region, and based on the results, a suitable boiler is selected.

Boilers for individual gas systems

Boilers that use mains gas are the most practical option for installing an autonomous heating system in a city apartment, provided that the power is selected correctly. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the gas boiler.

The units are distinguished by a high level of efficiency, operate reliably in intensive use and serve their owners for a long time.

If the cubic capacity of the apartment allows it, you can equip the gas autonomous system with a storage boiler. This will make it possible to store a decent amount of hot water and allow, if necessary, to take a shower and wash dishes at the same time

Modern models are equipped with a closed combustion chamber, convenient electronic ignition and a programmable thermostat. Extensive functionality helps maintain a suitable coolant temperature in the system around the clock, reducing or increasing it as needed.

Features of single-circuit devices

Single-circuit gas boilers operate only for heating. They do not have the function of providing housing with hot water. In order to be able to not only live in a warm room, but also use hot water in the required volume, customers purchase additional capacious tanks with a built-in heat exchanger () and connect them to a gas boiler.

Single-circuit products are floor and wall-mounted. Floor-standing units have an impressive volume and weight, and “eat up” a large amount of usable space. That is why owners of small apartments prefer wall-mounted boilers that do not take up much space.

Single-circuit boilers are usually connected to a chimney with natural draft. In apartments without a chimney, progressive turbocharged boilers or parapet modules are installed, equipped with a function for forced removal of the generated carbon monoxide outside the living space.

Nuances of dual-circuit equipment

Double-circuit gas boilers are very popular among consumers. These units have an additional built-in heat exchanger and uninterruptedly provide the apartment not only with useful heat, but also with hot water.

A double-circuit boiler is a small, neat device that takes up minimal space. It is better to install it as close as possible to the point of hot water collection. If the distance between the boiler and the tap is too large, you will have to wait a long time until the warm water “gets” to the mixer

The basic power of the equipment varies from 17 to 35 kW. The actual power level is affected by the number of hot water taps located in the heated room.

In order not to miscalculate the specific power and ability of the system to heat the desired room, the boiler is always purchased with a reserve. This makes it possible to maintain the proper level of heat in the apartment and use hot water in the most comfortable mode.

The pressure in domestic gas networks does not always coincide with European standards. Because of this, a boiler made in the EU may not work correctly. Therefore, it is better to pay attention to products produced in the post-Soviet space. They are adapted to the required parameters and function even with uneven pressure levels

It is recommended to purchase equipment only from official manufacturers who have quality certificates for the product and provide a guarantee for their products. The serial number stamped on the certified boiler must match the one indicated in the accompanying documents. If the numbers on the unit and in the passport differ, you should refuse the purchase.

Pros and cons of gas installations

Modern models of gas boilers are almost completely automated. After installation in the chosen location and configuration of all functions, they work completely autonomously and do not cause any inconvenience to the owners.

The built-in safety control system reduces to zero potential gas leaks and all the unpleasant moments associated with such a force majeure situation.

The wide range of equipment on the market gives the consumer the opportunity to have the most convenient option for themselves and purchase it at a very reasonable price. The dimensions of the products allow you to find a suitable device both for a small apartment with a complex layout, and for spacious apartments.

Gas boilers look attractive, easily fit into various interior designs and do not require serious maintenance. Internal problems will be fixed by a technician from the gas distribution company, and the housewife will remove external contamination herself using a sponge and detergent

The boiler operates very quietly and does not disturb either neighbors or apartment owners. The high level of efficiency of the module provides a comfortable warm atmosphere in the living room and allows you to always maintain the selected temperature level.

Among the shortcomings of the equipment, the following items are primarily noted:

Potential for gas explosion.
Increased requirements for the arrangement of the ventilation system.
Mandatory periodic cleaning of exhaust ventilation ducts from burning, soot, grease and other combustion products.
Permission from special authorities for the installation of a coaxial chimney on the façade of an apartment building, removing the burnt resource from the premises.
Constant increase in prices for household gas for the population.

But, despite these disadvantages, many consumers dream of installing gas autonomous heating in their apartment. Residents of cold northern regions especially strive for this, where full heating of premises with other resources is simply impossible.

Autonomous electric systems

Such types of electric heating equipment as a boiler, a “warm floor” system and a heat pump are considered relevant for apartments. They can be used individually or combined to achieve maximum heating effect.

Option #1 - advantages of using an electric boiler

The electric boiler has small dimensions and a compact shape. This allows it to be placed even in small rooms with complex internal layouts. During operation, it does not emit any harmful substances and does not require a separate exhaust system. Easy to install and demonstrates complete fire safety.

An electric boiler can be installed in the apartment immediately after purchase. There is no need to coordinate installation with utility services or obtain permits

Comfortable control of the unit is provided by a thermostat. It allows you to set a certain level of heating and makes it possible to heat the room in the most suitable mode.

An electric boiler has virtually no drawbacks, but is vulnerable to power surges. Therefore, for correct and long-term operation it requires a reliable stabilizer.

Option #2 - advantages of the “warm floor” system

Typically, an electric “warm floor” system serves as an addition to the main heating equipment. It is installed in rooms with high levels of humidity or placed in children's rooms and bedrooms.

The “warm floor” system, using an electric heating element as a heating element, is suitable for installation in houses located in moderately cold climatic zones. For regions with low winter temperatures, it is better to take a powerful heating cable

To use a “warm floor” as the main source of heating, you will have to equip most of the usable area of the apartment with it. Otherwise, the efficiency will be too low and will not allow you to create truly comfortable living conditions.

Option #3 - advantages of heating an apartment with a heat pump

Heat pumps such as or are suitable for heating an apartment. They extract low-grade thermal energy from the environment and convert it into high-potential energy.

However, the operation of such equipment is effective only in fairly warm regions, where the air temperature in winter does not fall below -25 degrees.

In summer, the heat pump can be used as an air conditioner to cool the air in the room

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Review about an autonomous heating system from a real user. The author explains in detail how practical and convenient it is to obtain heat and hot water in a three-room apartment by using a gas double-circuit boiler.

Overview of an autonomous heating complex consisting of an electric boiler and a “warm floor” system. Pros and cons of combining two types of heating equipment.

Useful tips for choosing a gas boiler for arranging a heating system in an apartment. Nuances and features of various heating devices.

Installing autonomous heating in a city apartment is a long process that requires significant effort and financial resources. The most difficult moment is obtaining permits to disconnect from centralized networks and subsequent redevelopment of the premises for a new system.

But you will only have to go this route once, and then you will no longer be dependent on interruptions in the heat supply. In addition, it will be possible to use energy resources more productively, save on utility bills and set the most comfortable level of comfort in the apartment.

Do you want to switch to an autonomous type of heating, but do you still have a number of questions that we did not touch upon in this material? Ask them in the comments under the article - our experts and site visitors who are competent in this matter will be happy to share their knowledge and experience with you.

Due to the rising cost of utilities, people are increasingly starting to install autonomous heating in their apartments. It is much easier to do this in a private country house, but such a project can also be implemented in a city dwelling. It is important to adhere to the correct installation of equipment. In this case, making the apartment energy independent will not be difficult.

When installing a boiler in your home, you need to approach it carefully. there are many nuances

Difficulties with installation

If we talk about a private house, then here you can install any of the existing heating systems: solid and liquid fuel boilers, gas or electric installations, systems that run on solar energy. You can build or allocate a separate building for a boiler room. All these works It’s almost impossible to do this in a city apartment, since:

not all neighbors will agree with the construction of such a building, because it may not correspond to their interests;
Not every project can be technically implemented;
There are many prohibitive laws that do not allow certain work to be performed in the apartment.

For example, installing solid fuel units in a high-rise building is not allowed. This is due to the need to store firewood, which weighs a lot, in a special room. The ceiling in an apartment building is not designed for such loads. In addition, such a room still needs to be found. It is also forbidden to install water heated floors in the apartment, but installation of electric insulation is allowed.

Solid fuel boilers may not be suitable for everyone

There are times when you need to start not with preparing all the necessary documentation for installing autonomous equipment, but with consulting a lawyer. This is due to the legal ban on making such changes and disconnecting from centralized heating. The problem can be solved by obtaining permission to install autonomous equipment. Often this opportunity appears only after a court order.

As a rule, two types of equipment are installed in apartments: gas and electric boilers. It is better to choose a double-circuit gas boiler.

Electricity as an energy source is used not only to directly heat water, but also to operate a heat pump. In both cases, most likely, you will have to dismantle the old heating equipment, since it is not always possible to remake it.

In this video you will learn the pros and cons of autonomous apartment heating:

Gas structures

In a city apartment, the ideal option would be to install a gas double-circuit boiler, which has a closed combustion chamber, a thermostat, an automatic shutdown system and electric ignition. This configuration will provide the ability to adjust the optimal temperature day and night. Additionally, a boiler can be connected to the system. This will allow you not only to heat the apartment, but also to have enough hot water for washing dishes and showering.

A gas boiler has some advantages over others

Advantages and disadvantages

Modern gas boilers have a fairly high degree of automation. Once the equipment is installed and configured, it can operate around the clock without human intervention. There are also modern safety systems that turn off the equipment if something goes wrong, so the risk of gas leakage is minimized.

Especially for small one-room apartments, they came up with compact models that do not take up much space. Such equipment is almost completely silent, so its operation will not disturb family members and neighbors. Prices vary and depend on the performance, size and manufacturer of a particular model, so choosing the right and cost-effective option will not be difficult. Installation of autonomous heating in a gas-type apartment It also has its disadvantages:

although the likelihood of a gas leak is minimized, it still exists;
the need to install a ventilation system and high requirements for its quality;
the cost of gas is increasing day by day;
ventilation must be periodically cleared of soot.

Gas boiler in the apartment:

Installation features

All work on installing gas equipment is carried out in several stages: installation of heating equipment, dismantling old batteries, connecting new radiators in place of old ones, starting the system. The last stage may require the participation of regulatory authorities who will check safety precautions, the correct connection of all equipment and the legality of such construction.

Do not forget to adhere to certain rules when installing pipes

Radiators can also be of low strength, since high pressure or other problems that may arise with a centralized connection will not occur. The autonomous system is personally controlled, so the occurrence of such difficulties is reduced to zero. Often, apartment owners choose batteries made of lightweight aluminum, which have sufficient strength and increased heat transfer. It is good to use polypropylene pipes with them. When installing pipes, you must adhere to several rules:

The batteries must be connected in series.
A thermal head must be connected to the return of each radiator.
A Mayevsky tap should be installed in front of the upper entrance near each radiator.
You will need to install a valve for the supply to the radiator.
Before supplying water to the system, it is necessary to perform a pressure test.

All necessary components can be purchased in specialized stores. If you want to save money, you can order them directly from the manufacturer through the official online store.

If an autonomous system is planned, then The following items need to be installed:

pressure gauge;
device for air exhaust;
expansion tank;
set of valves

As a rule, modern boilers in the purchased version already include a number of all necessary components.

Warm water floors in an apartment building:

Electrical systems

There are not only many varieties of electric boilers, but also many options that allow you to construct a project. For example, an apartment owner has several options for heating a room:

warm floor;
electric boiler;
Heat pump.

The first two methods are not always advisable to install, since they are expensive to install, and you will also have to pay a lot for electricity. Electricity, like other energy resources, is constantly becoming more expensive. If you install an electric boiler, you must remove all the old equipment and install new ones, just as in the case of a gas installation.

Autonomous heating is not a cheap pleasure

Warm floors are more efficient than a boiler due to its features. If all heating elements are located evenly across the entire floor, and the air is heated from the bottom up, then much less energy will be needed to create comfortable conditions.

But it is better to do autonomous heating of an apartment in an apartment building in the form of a heat pump. Two types of such devices can be used: air-to-air and air-to-water.

A heat pump is an environmentally friendly type of equipment for heating rooms, since energy is renewable. But it is advisable to install it only in warm climate zones where the temperature does not drop below -20°C.

People are often interested in the question of whether it is possible to install autonomous heating in an apartment at a low price. In this case, they should not look closely at thermal devices. The cost of heat pump equipment can be high. In addition, the price per unit of energy spent will also be slightly higher when compared with gas equipment.

But on the other hand, if we talk about the long term, then such equipment is interesting to install. Also, a device that operates on the air-to-air principle can perform the functions of an air conditioner in the summer, since their operating principle is the same. In this regard, a heat pump is sometimes called an air conditioner.

Some models can perform air conditioning functions in hot seasons

Before installing the air type device, you need to choose the right model. It is better to install multi-channel equipment in apartments with a large area. Buying such a device for a small apartment is not advisable, since its cost will be significant and the electricity bill will not please you.

For small apartments, it is beneficial to install separate split panels for each room separately. In this case, there will be no need to install air ducts. This option is ideal if the renovation of the apartment has already been completed, since installation does not require breaking down the walls. In addition, one system can produce up to 5 kW of heat. In the northern regions, a combined heating system is used: in winter they use a gas boiler, and in summer - an electric one. Thus, it is possible to save a lot of resources.

Overview of installation of water heated floors in an apartment:

Reasons for switching to autonomous heating

Utility tariffs are increasing from year to year. In addition, the service of housing offices is simply disgusting. Their equipment is often old and the pipes are rusty. This is the situation for most apartment owners, so many began to think about installing autonomous equipment. There are many reasons to switch to autonomous heating:

A personal heating system makes it possible to turn on the heat at any time, rather than wait until it gets cold.
Hot water will flow from the tap constantly, and not from time to time, as with centralized heating.
The temperature in the apartment can be adjusted independently. Sometimes incorrect temperature settings by utilities make life difficult. It can be very hot or cold.
If a person is not satisfied with something, filing complaints is unlikely to help.
Payments are made only for the heat used, and not for imaginary utility bills.

There are many reasons for switching to autonomous heating

Obtaining a building permit

People who are thinking about whether it is possible to install autonomous heating in an apartment need to start by preparing all the required documents. To legalize a future construction, you need to obtain permission from several authorities. Moreover, in all former countries of the Soviet Union this procedure is approximately the same.

If the apartment is located above the 10th floor, then you will not be able to obtain permission. But in the case when the apartment is located below, it is necessary to obtain permission either from representatives of the city executive power or from the local government. In most cases, you should contact your local government authority.

The biggest difficulties arise at the stage of obtaining permission. For some reason, government officials often believe that switching to autonomous heating for several apartments will lead to disruption of the hydraulic system as a whole, resulting in a drop in temperature. Because of this, permission is often not issued.

For example, it is required to obtain a construction permit from the competent authorities

But there is a way out of this situation. First, you can insist that the application be considered by an interdepartmental commission. The members of this commission must conduct an inspection and make their decision within a maximum of 1 calendar month.

You can call the sanitary and epidemiological station to document a violation of the heat supply and the absence of all established sanitary standards. If such an act is in hand, it is necessary to go to court and demand termination of the contract with the housing office. But if the utility continues to accrue debt, the bills may not be paid. Even if she goes to court for debt collection, she will be denied, since the contract has been terminated. In this case, the housing office has only two options: continue to supply heat to the apartment or give permission to install autonomous equipment.

By installing an autonomous heating system in your home, you can get rid of the eternal problems with utilities, lack of heat in winter or its excess in hot weather. In addition, you can significantly save on bills, since you only have to pay for the electricity you use.

Autonomous heating – price of use:

The harsh climate of our country dictates its conditions for maintaining heat in our homes. Most apartments today are connected to a central heating system. The public utilities are mostly in a deplorable state and this affects the level of heat in our homes.

Apartments in new buildings usually come with autonomous heating, while in old ones sometimes serious modernization is needed. There have always been questions about heat supply and the price for this service. Many people do not want to depend on the “mood” of housing and communal services workers and therefore decide to install individual heating.

Disconnect permission

The natural desire of every person is the opportunity to improve the quality of heating in his apartment and reduce the costs associated with it. But, according to the legislation of our country, it is necessary to obtain appropriate permission.

The transition of citizens to autonomous heat sources is not beneficial for energy companies.

You should know that unauthorized disconnection from the home heating system is a violation of the law.

Already at the stage of obtaining official permission to disconnect from central heating, you need to clearly know what fuel your system will run on. Photos of heating in the apartment viewed in advance will help you decide.

Houses with a height of more than nine floors do not have a central gas supply, so if you live in such a house, this type of energy is not available to you.

We disassemble the old heating

Having a disconnection permit in hand, you can begin to dismantle the intra-apartment system. At this stage, you need to agree on the procedure for your actions with the housing company.

When dismantling, you must follow the sequence and adhere to the scheme so as not to cause harm to neighboring apartments.

There is a rule that must be strictly followed. Old wiring and used radiators are absolutely not suitable for new heating systems.

Necessary equipment

With the help of instructions on how to make heating in an apartment, you can do everything carefully and correctly with your own hands.

Self-assembly begins with familiarization with the project. Technical documentation regulates the sequence of all work.

It is impossible to change the heating method or the boiler power or the number of radiators during work. The issue of choosing a heating system must be decided in advance. Heating options can be gas fuel or electric.

When deciding which is preferable for you, you need to consider the following:

Project documentation must be agreed upon with the energy company supplying gas or electricity.
When choosing a gas heating system, it is mandatory to install a chimney facing the street.
If you choose heating from electricity, you will have to completely replace the electrical wiring and install circuit breakers. The meter also requires a special three-phase one.
Connection to a gas boiler can only be made by a representative (employee) of the gas organization.

Types of boilers

Having chosen gas heating for yourself, you need to start by familiarizing yourself with the prices for this equipment. In order to choose the most suitable boiler for yourself, you need to take into account the area of the apartment, heat losses, etc.

The gas equipment market is quite wide and diverse. It’s worth taking a closer look at wall-mounted boiler models. Such models are presented not only for gas, but also for electricity.

You can select the correct boiler power based on the following standards: one kilowatt of energy is used to heat ten square meters of living space, adding to this 10% for natural heat loss.

If you want to have an individual hot water supply, then you should choose a double-circuit boiler.

Wall heating devices with heating elements are used when equipping a home with an electrical system.

Recently, it has become very fashionable to install warm floors in the apartment. The best option for such heating in an apartment would be a water floor. This is a very convenient heating method, since the heated floor is connected to the main heating circuit.

Making the wiring

Wiring throughout the apartment with metal or plastic pipes. Heating from plastic pipes can be done without going there and as quickly as possible. There is no need for welding during installation.

For heating a small two-room apartment, where the number of radiators is no more than four, a single-pipe heating system is perfect. With such a system, radiators must be connected diagonally.

Heating of large apartments and houses is only possible using a two-pipe system. And if your plans include warm floors and hot water, then you should choose a double-circuit boiler. A two-pipe system is much more efficient than a single-circuit system.

When choosing plastic pipes for your heating, you need to understand that the pipes must be reinforced and protected from high temperatures. Pipes are reinforced with fiberglass or aluminum foil. Reinforced pipes can withstand high temperatures and high pressure.

Radiators

There are several types of heating radiators. You need to decide in advance which batteries you will install in your home. Cast iron radiators are the most durable, but also the most expensive. For this type of radiator, the disadvantage is its massiveness and low attractiveness.

Most often, today, bimetallic radiators are used. They are made from an alloy of steel and aluminum. This alloy significantly improves performance properties. Steel can withstand significant pressure, and the heat transfer properties of aluminum are irreplaceable.

Heating specialists will tell you how to choose a battery.

Mid-price bimetallic radiators are easy to dismantle and very popular. Such batteries are hung on brackets mounted into the walls. The classic installation location is under the window.

There are four possible ways to connect radiators to a pipe:

Diagonal or cross.
Unilateral.
Lower.
Single-pipe.

Reasons for replacing heating

Sometimes, replacing the heating becomes necessary:

The elements of the current heating system are partially or completely worn out.
The level of heat transfer has decreased significantly.
Apartment renovation, interior design change.