Stairs to the second floor on a metal frame: what do you need to know? How to make a metal staircase with your own hands How to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands from metal
A metal marching or spiral staircase will fit perfectly not only into a high-tech interior, but also into a more traditional home decor. A correctly selected design will not only be practical, but also beautiful, and will suit almost any interior. If you choose the right metal and staircase design, the interfloor structure will be not only functional, but also aesthetically pleasing.
Metal stairs are divided into:
- Welded and forged;
- On rails, load-bearing beams and stringers;
- Marching and screw;
- Aluminium, steel, iron or other types of metal.
You can limit yourself to building a staircase to the second floor on a metal frame. Metal is a very malleable and durable material, and with its help you can create a structure of any shape and almost any size, and therefore it is much easier to work with than stone or wood. But, if the interior of the room does not allow the installation of a structure entirely made of iron or steel, then only the frame can be made of metal, and the decorative elements can be made of another material, for example, stone or wood.
Unlike other materials, metal allows you to create a corrugation or pattern on the steps of the stairs, which will prevent home owners from slipping on the steps, and therefore make the descent safer.
On the Bolts
The word "bolz" is translated from German as "bolt". Most often, this word refers to a special type of fastening of steps, in which the support is placed on racks along the edges and pins inserted into the wall. This design avoids the use of bulky supports and beams, and the staircase itself looks airy, as if hanging in the air. An iron staircase to the 2nd floor, assembled in this way, will become a real highlight of the interior.
Fastening bolts can be vertical or horizontal. With the vertical fastening method, the installation of steps begins from the bottom, and a vertical support is installed under each. With the horizontal method, metal pins designed for heavy loads are screwed into the wall, and the steps are attached only to them, so the staircase literally hangs in the air. To emphasize the lightness of a floating structure, it is often left without railings, or enclosed only with transparent, almost invisible glass. But most often, owners of country houses choose an intermediate option - supports are placed under several lower steps, and all the upper ones are mounted to the wall and fastened to each other.
Building such a staircase to the second floor with your own hands is not much more difficult than building a regular staircase. Metal stairs mounted in this way look very light and beautiful, but despite their apparent fragility, the structure does not lose its reliability and strength.
A spiral staircase to the second floor with a metal frame and this type of fastening is much more common than a regular one. This is due to the fact that the use of a metal screw is intended to either save space or decorate the interior, and therefore the use of this option for installing steps is most justified. The steps are attached both to the walls and to the support in the center. A spiral staircase is more difficult to build than a regular one, so it is recommended to turn to professionals to make it.
On load-bearing beams
The supporting beam, or bowstring, is one of the main parts of the staircase. Most often, the manufacture of interfloor structures is done on the basis of a bowstring, since this design is both simple and reliable. The string and the beam are often classified into different categories of supports, but the difference between them is small: the string has recesses into which the steps themselves are inserted and supports them from the side, while the steps are attached to the beam from above.
Both design options are quite easy to assemble yourself. To assemble a metal staircase to the second floor with your own hands, you will need:
- Make calculations. The easiest way is to build a straight single-flight staircase, and the option with several winder steps or one turn is not much more difficult. The steps should be of sufficient width and height, and the rise itself should not be too steep and not too gentle. Ideally, the design should comply with GOST standards;
- Take measurements and draw up a design design;
- Install and align beams or strings. They must be parallel to each other from bottom to top, in each section of the structure, and the same width must be maintained between them, otherwise the structure may lead and skew;
- Weld the metal frame and other metal elements. If doing it yourself is scary, or you don’t have enough experience for installation, it’s better to turn to a professional. The reliability of the metal staircase will depend on the quality of the seams;
- Install and weld the steps;
- Install railings and design elements, if provided for by the project.
In words, installing and making an interfloor staircase with your own hands seems quite simple, but in practice it is necessary to take into account many nuances that are known only to professionals. The main difficulty in constructing a rise to the second floor usually arises with calculations, without which it will not be possible to build a rise to the second floor on a metal frame.
Railings for a metal staircase of this type can be either traditional, metal or wood, or unusual, made of glass or plastic. Both options have their pros and cons, and you need to choose depending on the purpose of the interfloor structure and the overall design of the house.
A spiral staircase on a bowstring or beam is not only very beautiful, but also extremely reliable. Making such a design with your own hands is quite difficult and expensive, since it is necessary not only to calculate the angle of inclination, radius, and length of the bowstring, but also to make and install two absolutely identical parts.
An additional complexity is presented by the railings, which can be attached to the steps, and which must completely follow the shape of the bowstring. Therefore, it is better to invite professionals to carry out the work. You can make steps for the structure with your own hands, and, if you have the skills and dexterity, assemble the structure into a single whole.
It is much easier to build iron stairs for a house on beams. There may be one beam if the structure is narrow, or there may be several of them, for example, on the sides and in the middle of the steps, if the structure is wide. The beam can perform both a purely applied and decorative function. Often, owners of country houses decorate support beams with forging, carving, or other decorative elements, and in some cases they hide them under decorative panels.
On the stringers
Stringer is the basis for steps in the form of a broken frame consisting of many parts. As a rule, the stringer performs the function of a load-bearing beam onto which the steps are attached.
The use of stringers in a private home is very reliable, since the structure is durable, and it is quite easy to assemble it with your own hands. There can be different numbers of supporting elements, like beams, and their shape is limited only by the imagination of the home owner.
The biggest advantage of fastening the steps in this way is that the stringer can be made of any shape, even irregular, and therefore almost any staircase can be assembled, be it straight, marching, turning or spiral. The frame of the structure is assembled from elements of the same size, elbows, which are fastened to each other by welding. After the installation of the frame is completed, fastenings for the steps are made, and then the steps themselves are fastened. The main difficulty in assembling a stringer with your own hands is to make several elements that make up the structure the same size and assemble them correctly.
If you are planning to build a two-story private house or a country house, then at some point during construction you will need to take care of constructing a staircase to the second floor. Not everyone can make a staircase with their own hands - for this you need to have certain carpentry skills, some experience, as well as a sufficient amount of free time. Isn't it better to take advantage of the advantageous and... offer from our professional company in Moscow? We offer stairs for every taste, color, style and economic capabilities of our clients. And you can find the current price list and 100 magnificent photos of structures in the presented article.
100 photos of the most beautiful staircases for every taste
Before we begin to get acquainted with the incredible variety of staircase systems from a domestic manufacturer in Moscow, let’s get acquainted with a little theory - and what kind of staircases exist in nature.
Types of staircase systems depending on design
So, staircase structures to the second floor are divided into the following types:
Screw
Spectacular and compact products, complex in manufacturing method, but with a magnificent appearance. Their main advantage is their small size, allowing the structure to be placed even in a very small area of the room.
Photo 1.Marching
This type of staircase structures is the most common and in demand. This is explained by the simplicity of the circuit, reliability, conciseness and relatively low cost.
Photo 2.Combined
This type of staircase is a wonderful solution for those who want to combine the advantages of the two types listed above - compactness from a screw design and practicality from a marching system.
Photo 3.Types of staircase structures depending on the material
Today, modern manufacturers offer consumers an incredible number of various staircase systems made from materials such as:
- Wood of various species;
Photo 4. The cost of wooden stairs is also very different, it all depends on the value of the wood. For example, a product made of oak with handmade railings will cost much more than a staircase made of beech or spruce - Marble and other natural mineral;
Photo 5.- Ultra-light metal alloys;
Photo 6.- Forged construction;
Photo 7. Forged stairs are grandiose and magnificent. The high cost of such work is more than compensated by the incredibly impressive appearance of the product. - Concrete system;
Photo 8.- Combined designs that include several materials in one product - wood, metal, stone.
Photo 9. Staircase structures that combine several types of manufacturing materials are a real work of art that can transform your home beyond recognition Our specialized enterprise in Moscow offers its customers modern, safe and beautiful staircase designs for every taste. In the company's assortment you will find a huge number of ready-made products, and you can also order a staircase according to an exclusive original project.
Photo 10. Spectacular and high-quality products from the company "Stairs Profi" will fit perfectly into both modern and classic interiors Huge selection of inexpensive stairs in Moscow
The huge and varied catalog of our company presents ready-made stairs at attractive and competitive prices, classified in the following areas:
- modular designs;
Photo 11. The modular system fits perfectly into any modern interior - wooden crafts;
Photo 12. Wooden stairs - stylish, reliable and environmentally friendly - stairs for cottages;
Photo 13. Stairs for cottages will certainly decorate the interior of your home - second floor structures;
Photo 14.- custom products;
Photo 15. Order a staircase from us and you will transform your home beyond recognition - spiral staircases;
Photo 16.- products with forged elements
Photo 17. Staircases decorated with forging are always in trend - metal structures and other types.
Photo 18. Metal stairs are suitable for a stylish country house Staircase designs for every taste
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Photo 27. There are all sorts of staircases that do not exist in nature - order an exclusive design for yourself
Photo 28. The staircase will create comfort and emphasize the style of your home
Photo 29. Wood is the most versatile material for stairs
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Photo 32. Straight staircase in the style of "minimalism"
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Photo 34. Designer design of the second floor
Photo 35. Cozy wooden staircase for a country house
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Photo 40. One of the incredible design solutions
Photo 41. Classic is always in fashion Photo 42. Photo 43. Photo 44. Forged products - grandiose and magnificent
Photo 45. Photo 46. Photo 47. Photo 48. Photo 49.
Photo 50. The price of a stair product depends on many factors - the complexity of the design, the cost of the material, the exclusivity of the design
Photo 51. A staircase with wide steps and a slight bend is absolutely safe to use
Photo 52. Thanks to forged elements, the design looks light and airy
Photo 53.Price list for stairs from a company in Moscow
Let's take a closer look at the prices for each of the types of stairs presented by our company, indicating their current prices.
Modular stairs
Photo 54. Modular staircase "Duet" with steps made of natural oak
Photo 55. The "Duet" design with beech steps is an economical and effective product for your interior Modular stairs of the "Elegant" series are an excellent solution for a stylish interior at affordable prices presented below:
Photo 56.56 335
rub.
Photo 57.50 390
rub.
Photo 58.51 321
rub.
Photo 59.44 290
rub.
Photo 60."Prestige" with a 180 degree turn - price 47 160
rub.
Photo 61. Direct "Prestige" - 42 748
rub.
Photo 62."Solo" of direct design - a stylish and effective product at an affordable price 70 858
rub.
Photo 63.78 498
rub.
Photo 64. 180 degree reversible design "Modern" - exclusive and fashionable design at an affordable price 125 262
rub.
Photo 65. Staircase with a 90 degree turn, "Modern" series, cost 120 030
rub.
Photo 66. The product "SuperElegant" with a 180 degree rotation has a price 108 277
rub.
Photo 67.113 118
rub.
Photo 68.Wooden stairs
This type of staircase products will appeal to those who value natural wood, simplicity and reliability of design. The material used for the manufacture of these stairs is environmentally friendly, beautiful and reliable.
A metal flight of stairs is a worthy alternative to creaky wooden structures. Let's not lie - working with metal is much more difficult than working with wood. But with proper preparation, a self-made design will surprise family and friends.
There are at least three types of iron stairs for a private home:
- Familiar straight stairs that do not take up much space. Especially if you add a landing to the design;
- Spiral metal staircases. They are rare, but their use will add originality to any interior;
- Stair structures on consoles and stringers.
Straight stairs are the most common
Each of these ladders has its own strengths and weaknesses. Below we will look at their design features and learn how to assemble them ourselves. Perhaps you will create a metal staircase with your own hands, based on the work of designers, or perhaps the product will be based on your drawings and sketches. In any case, you have an exciting creative process and a worthy result ahead of you.
Regardless of the complexity of the product, work will begin from the preliminary stage. You will have to take the necessary measurements, collect and deliver materials and tools to the construction site. You can’t do without a theoretical basis - the requirements for flights of stairs can be studied in the relevant SNiPs.
According to the requirements of building codes, it is not recommended to create flights of stairs less than 70 cm wide. For private houses and cottages, the optimal size is 1 m. For a person to comfortably climb the stairs, even the height (14-18 cm) and width of the steps are regulated - 27 cm, this is the size the legs of an ordinary man. In addition, the slope of the most comfortable staircase was experimentally calculated: 25–30°.
Creating a metal staircase begins with measurements. Roulette is a builder’s constant companion. We need to find out the distance between the floor and the ceiling - the length of the structure will depend on it. Taking into account the data obtained, a sketch is drawn on paper, where the number of steps is calculated - we divide the length of the stairs by the height of the tread.
The size of the steps depends on the type of staircase. For example, for screw structures, the recommended step sizes are 10 cm in the narrow part and 40 in the wide part. For turning steps, this value in the center is 20 cm. To design a comfortable staircase, let’s turn to the corresponding calculations.
The height of the step is determined as follows: the lift of the leg is 1/4 of the step. For an adult, this value is 60–80 cm. That is, the optimal height for a step is 15–20 cm. It depends on the size of the foot, it is about 30 cm. The descent or ascent will be comfortable if the foot covers the width of the step by 90%, i.e. The optimal width of the step is the same 30 cm.
A straight flight of stairs is relatively easy to make, but still requires creating sketches and mastering a welding machine. Beginners are advised to pay attention to inverter devices - they are the most convenient to use. Other tools you will need: grinder, screwdriver, drill, saw, clamps, tape measure, marker, drills and screws.
Our first staircase is based on metal channels, sheet and corrugated iron, profiles, corners. Despite the simplicity of the design, the work can be completed faster and better if you take care of the calculations and sketches in advance. The quality of a hand-made metal staircase largely depends on them. Drawings generally make life easier if they are at hand.
So, let's start assembling the structure, it is carried out in several stages:
- 1. We install the channel on the edge (height 8–10 cm), this is the basis of the entire structure;
- 2. We cut fillets from the reinforcement - supports for future steps, their size and quantity depend on;
- 3. We weld fasteners (brackets) to the fillet on which the step will rest;
- 4. We attach the prepared filly supports to the channel using welding. If markings are applied to it in advance, the staircase will be more symmetrical and more convenient. Before the channels take their place, attach them to each other and check the marks;
- 5. Install racks for mounting the fence - railings. At the same stage, we install additional supports under the channel (they can also act as racks);
- 6. Cut jumpers from the corner that will connect the supports on the channels to each other;
- 7. Using welding, we assemble all prepared staircase elements (railings, lintels) into a single whole;
- 8. The final step of the rough assembly is to coat the entire structure with a primer.
After assembling the frame, we begin installing the steps. You can use sheet or corrugated iron - cut the sheet into pieces of the appropriate width. Of course, this option is not suitable for home. The flight of stairs inside the house, as a rule, is sheathed with wood and other finishing materials (artificial and natural stone).
First the frame is installed
We attach wooden planks of appropriate sizes to the metal frame. For fixation we use self-tapping screws or bolted connections. You need to prepare appropriate holes for the bolts and mark the wood. This will make your work easier.
As you can see, you can weld a ladder with your own hands without any problems. To do this, you will need to master an automatic welding machine and learn how to work with drawings. Once you get the hang of simple designs, you can move on to more complex options.
With limited space or when the interior of a room can be spoiled, screw structures come to the aid of home owners. Unlike the usual straight flights of stairs, they do not take up much space, and if necessary, they are easy to decorate.
A spiral metal staircase to the second floor can be mounted on stringers, bowstrings or rails. The simplicity of the latter option has provoked its popularity in cases where the work is done with one’s own hands. Such a staircase does not require beams or supports - its steps are mounted to the central pillar using bolts.
Spiral staircases are convenient for limited space
To make the staircase comfortable, you will have to take a number of measurements. Along with the width, height and depth of the steps, you will also need to decide on such an unusual concept as the diameter of the stairs. This value can be determined by multiplying the length of the step by two and adding the diameter of the support column to the resulting figures. That is, with a pillar with a diameter of 5 cm, the dimensions of the ladder will be 105 cm, but for convenience it is better to increase this value to 110–140 cm.
To determine the number of steps, their height and width, you can contact numerous forums and services, but it is much easier to look at SNiPs - the height of the violation ranges from 15 to 20 cm. The same thing with the width of steps: the construction manuals indicate recommended standards - in the narrowest place the width should be at least 10 cm, and about 30 cm in the widest (not less than 27 cm).
Installation of the central pillar. Ideally, this stage is carried out during the construction of a house, since in this case the lower end of the pillar is easy to concrete (recommended depth 40 cm), the upper end is fixed with dowels. Assembly in a built room is more complicated: the bases need to be welded to the top and bottom of the column and then attached to the ceiling and floor with dowels.
Having installed the support pillar, you can begin installing the steps. It is better to use steel (later it can be refined with wood, stone or even paint and varnish products).
First of all, the central support column is mounted
Next, we install an additional supporting support. You can use a pole or stop for this purpose. In the second case, anchor bolts are used, in the first, the heel is welded, fixed with dowels. We install the pillar so that one of the central steps rests on it. After the additional supports are installed and the steps are welded, we give the structure additional rigidity - we connect the upper and lower steps together using jumpers.
Decorating a spiral staircase. You can use stone (castle style), wood (Provence) or use metal. In the latter case, you will have to turn to masters of artistic forging.
Flight of stairs on stringers - design features
The term "stringer" refers to an inclined beam - the base on which stair steps and railings are mounted. There are several options for creating such stairs, but one of the simplest and most reliable is the design based on one thing - the central stringer. Of course, in this case, preliminary calculations and drawings will be needed, but basic information can be found in open sources. Moreover, the requirements for the width, length and height of steps are almost the same as the requirements for spiral and straight staircases.
In fact, installing a staircase on stringers resembles assembling a straight flight of stairs:
- 1. We weld support fillies/kerchiefs onto an inclined pipe (channel) - this is the basis for future steps;
- 2. We attach metal plates to the fixed gussets (the dimensions depend on the dimensions of the steps); if possible, add additional stops to the metal sheet. The best way to fasten metal parts is welding; it will provide an inconspicuous but reliable fixation;
- 3. We create a fence - we weld posts to the metal on which the railings rest (simple from corners or forged);
- 4. We fasten the wooden steps to the supporting metal sheets using bolts.
The slope of the central stringer, as a rule, ranges from 30 to 45°. The best option is when the creation of a staircase is planned when designing a house - in this case, the ends of the stringer can be concreted. By the way, this type of flight of stairs is quite common and is often combined with other structures.
This article is an overview of the most popular types of stairs, and also contains practical advice on how to make and calculate stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands. Scheme, calculations, dimensions, and drawings are attached. At the end of each chapter there is a video with a visual display of the construction process.
For ease of reading, the article is divided into several chapters:
- the first chapter contains general recommendations;
- the second chapter presents methods for creating a spiral staircase project that can be used at work;
- the third, fourth and fifth chapters have examples on creating conventional structures from wood, concrete and metal;
- the latter offers 10 design designs and answers the question about the optimal width.
For convenience, the article has a navigation panel with which you can go to any item and start reading from the required chapter.
Example of a metal staircase project
How to calculate the stairs to the second floor in a private house correctly with your own hands - general recommendations
The staircase is used for comfortable movement between floors. As a rule, this design is used daily - two-story houses are most often built with bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor. From this we can derive the two most important rules when designing a structure - safety and convenience.
Above the shelves Important: Stairs are a source of increased trauma for people of all ages. A fall can have an extremely negative impact on a person’s health, so you should make it as safe as possible. There are several ways to do this that allow you to completely minimize the risks.
First of all, it is necessary to make steps of optimal height and width. It’s easy to trip on steps that are too high, and it’s extremely difficult to walk on narrow ones, so you can easily slip. It is necessary to take this into account when designing, including the size in advance in the project.
In a big house The most optimal height of steps can be considered 150-200mm. This is enough to take a confident step, without fear of stumbling or placing your foot incorrectly. The depth or width must be at least 200mm - this requirement is easy to obtain from the average length of a person’s leg.
In addition, every staircase needs railings. They allow you to move with greater comfort and safety - the risk of falling is significantly reduced.
Important: The material must be non-slippery. It is better not to make stairs from tiles or varnished wood - they have a smooth surface that is very inconvenient for movement. If wood is used, it is not superfluous to sandpaper the steps or cover the steps with carpet.
Above the sofa Convenience often depends on safety. If the steps are safe, then at the same time they will be comfortable. Of course, sometimes, for the sake of convenience, you can deviate somewhat from the standard sizes - if they are used only by a tall person, you can make the height of the steps more than 200mm.
Graph of the relationship between the inclination of the stairs and ease of use How to make a screw structure yourself
The spiral staircase has its own special appearance, due to which it becomes possible to create a design that is completely unlike anything else. In addition, the screw design allows you to save a lot of space on both floors, making the room more ergonomic.
Screw Calculation of a spiral staircase to the second floor
In the case of creating a spiral staircase to the second floor, the calculation must begin with the number of steps and their height. Based on what was said in the last chapter, the optimal height between steps is 200mm, and the depth is 200-300mm. But we must take into account that the steps of spiral staircases look like expanding cones, and therefore their depth must be calculated in a special way.
With central pillar It is better to use mathematical formulas for calculations. First, you need to find out the circumference of the structure. The most convenient way to do this is using the formula 2*3.14*r, where r is the span width. For example, with a span width of 1000 mm, the circumference will be 6280 mm. To get the width of the step from the outside, it is enough to divide this distance by the number of steps in one span. For example, with 10 steps the distance will be 628mm, which will allow you to create a smooth staircase without voids.
Calculation diagram for the screw model The height of the structure is determined by the height of the room, just as when creating a regular staircase. The height between the steps should be optimal - for example, 150-250mm is usually enough. It is better to calculate the optimal height based on the height of the room. For example, the ceiling height in the room is 2700mm. The steps will be 20mm thick, the floor thickness will be 150mm.
Advice: Calculations must begin with the floor - the floor is the zero step. First, you need to sum up the height of the room and the ceiling, since this is the distance the staircase should go to. In this case it is equal to 2850mm. To get the number of steps, you need to divide it by the suitable height of one step with its height - for example, 220mm. The result, rounded up, is 13 steps. The last, 13th step, in this case, will serve as the floor of the second floor.
Graphic construction and dimensions At this stage, it is best to create the project on paper. It is not necessary to make it as accurate as possible in the drawing plan, but even a simple sketch will help to better understand the project.
Dimensions of spiral staircases to the second floor
When calculating the size, it is necessary to start from the most comfortable width of the stairs of 800-1000mm. This is enough to walk even with a large load on your hands, without restricting your movements (unfortunately, large furniture will still have to be lifted through the windows).
Screw model project A spiral staircase is a circle, so the diameter is equal to the addition of the width of the passages and, if the staircase is built with a central support, the size of the support. On average, the diameter of such a structure is 1600-2000mm, which is enough for its convenient use, regardless of its features. More details in the table below
Advice: Very often the size of the stairs depends on the height of the ceiling. For a small country house there is no point in making a very wide staircase - 700mm will be enough to get to the second floor. For attics, exactly the same rule applies.
Video project of a spiral staircase
This video shows how to make stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands (the diagram and dimensions of the project are attached). The main points of installation are shown, as well as all the features of working with this type of structure.
DIY wooden staircase to the second floor
An ordinary staircase can be built using similar calculations and methods. A do-it-yourself wooden staircase to the second floor in a private house is much simpler to make than a spiral staircase, but takes up relatively more space. Next, we will consider the main points of the calculation and video instructions.
Made of wood Calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor
In this case, it is necessary to start from the same average values - with a depth of 200-250mm and a height of 200-250mm. The distance must be divided in the same way - calculating from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor.
Calculation example The calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor must take into account the length - it is the addition of the depth of all steps. The more there are, the longer the length itself will be. For an ordinary staircase in a room, on average, 10-12 steps are enough, which in total will be equal to 2000-2500mm with a depth of 200mm and 2500-3000mm with a depth of 250mm.
Design of a staircase with a 90 degree turn Advice: The average width of such a structure should be 800-1000mm. This size should provide complete freedom of action. Therefore, if railings are planned, then there should be additional space for them on the steps.
The opening above the structure should begin from the place where less than 2000-2200 mm remains from the step to the ceiling - this is enough for anyone of any height. You should not make the opening too short - savings in this case can result in inconvenience and additional labor costs.
Designations If you plan to create a turn, then it must be calculated under the same conditions - the only change is the width of the step - steps in the area of the turn are calculated similarly to screw steps, but they can be made with an emphasis on the wall.
Video instruction
This video provides instructions for designing and installing a wooden staircase with a 90-degree turn.
DIY concrete staircase to the second floor - video instructions
Concrete is an excellent material for stairs - it is very durable and allows you to work with any volume. Often for such a design it is enough just to assemble the frame and fill it.
Formwork for concrete structures Important: It should be noted that creating a concrete staircase to the second floor with your own hands requires a very large investment - a completely cast structure requires a huge amount of concrete. Most likely, you will have to order a full-fledged concrete mixer - the process will take an extremely long time using the usual manual method.
Cast design To facilitate this process, the span should be additionally strengthened with different blocks. A good idea is to create a frame of foam blocks, on which the formwork is subsequently laid. This allows you to get additional space under the structure and use it for household needs.
The video below shows the process of assembling the formwork and pouring it, depicting the main points of the work.
DIY metal staircase to the second floor - calculation and video instructions
Metal is an extremely flexible and yet durable material. A do-it-yourself metal staircase to the second floor, unfortunately, is not the most comfortable - it is quite difficult to heat it, but the strength will be very high. In addition, a metal staircase takes up little space - this is important for houses with a small total area.
Iron construction Features of the calculation in this case include the fact that the metal stage takes up very little space. Usually its size is 5-10mm, and despite the entire height of the structure, their total volume rarely exceeds 90-100mm.
The calculations are no different from ordinary stairs, but with the difference that it is necessary to take into account the resistance of materials. For the structure, we recommend using metal pipes with a wall thickness of at least 8mm, and for steps - reinforcement no thinner than 7mm. At the same time, with wide steps, thicker options should be used that will not sag under the weight of a person.
Do-it-yourself single-flight iron staircase to the second floor Advice: If the structure is created from square profiles, it is worth selecting them with a cross-section of at least 5 mm - square profiles are much more stable than round ones due to their hard edges. You can work with metal using both welding and fasteners.
The video below shows an example of creating a metal staircase structure, which is subsequently covered with plasterboard. It displays the main points of the work.
What should be the width of the stairs to the second floor in a private house - the correct dimensions?
This question is purely personal. Despite the optimal span width of 800-1000mm, this value can vary significantly depending on a person’s personal preferences. It must be taken into account that the wider the opening, the more resources will be required.
Examples of the width of different types of stairs It is worth setting a separate minimum limit of 500mm - a narrower design will be completely inconvenient to use, and moving some things or furniture along it will be quite problematic. The maximum limit depends solely on the room, but still, you should not make the width more than 2000-2500mm, especially in cases where the staircase is not the main one in the hall.
DIY stairs to the second floor in a private house - diagram and drawing of 10 projects
Scheme of stairs with straight flights 
Angled 90 degrees 
Drawing of a U-shaped staircase with a turning platform 
Plan of wooden model 
Detailed drawing 
Calculation 
Simple staircase 
With 180 degree rotation 
Straight staircase project 
Direct two-flight Some people do not want to build a one-story house and build a multi-story one, and it will be impossible to move around the house without stairs. Stairs come in different shapes and made from different materials. The stairs that are located between floors are made of metal and.
The design and calculations for stairs located between floors made of any materials are no different.
They have the usual requirements:
- In a private house, the smallest staircase width is 900 centimeters.
- The normal height of steps is 160 - 180 millimeters.
- The minimum permissible depth of steps is 270 millimeters.
- The railings on the stairs must withstand about one hundred kilograms of lateral pressure.
- The distance between the railing posts should be 150 millimeters and, if there are children in the family, this distance should be 120 millimeters.
- Stairs are made forged and welded.
There are the following types:
There are stairs:
If you do not have special skills in constructing stairs, then start with a simple option, that is, with a single-flight structure.
Necessary calculations
Organizations that develop projects use special ones to design 3D models of structures using these programs. In the model, it is very easy to change the parameters of different parts.
After approval of the final version, the computer program prepares specifications and drawings of the metal staircase.
But in our case, the calculations will have to be done without the help of a computer program. We will consider a simple version of a direct single-flight design.
The basic requirements for the depth and height of steps are already known. It is necessary to take measurements between points, that is, from the beginning to the end of the stairs from the floor of the first floor and the height between the floors of the first and second floors. Now we determine the length of the stairs; we must remember that the average angle of inclination is from thirty to forty-five degrees.
We calculate the available parameters and extract the square root and get the length of the stairs.
Materials and tools required for work
To build an interfloor metal staircase, we will need the following tools and materials.
Tools:
Materials:
Carrying out work
Stages of work:
First of all, angles for attaching steps, that is, fillets, are made from corners.
You cannot make a mistake so that there are no various distortions and flaws that will spoil the stairs.
Also, the fillies must be identical and must be exactly opposite each other. The fillies are made from a corner by cutting out a sample and joining the corners together.
The result is L-shaped nodes with the shelves down and inward. For our design, fourteen pairs of these nodes are needed, and in each pair, one support will be left and the second will be right. Then we weld the brackets to connect the steps and the horizontal crossbar between each pair of corners.
We also make the horizontal crossbar from a corner. The structure is strengthened with the help of gussets; we weld them from the bottom of the step towards each of the stringers.
We make markings along the edge of the square pipe from the profile and, according to the markings, weld the fillets to the edge of the stringer, attach the second stringer to the first stringer with fillets and transfer the markings.
We make and then weld the stringers with the lower end to the support platform. If the houses have a concrete foundation, then the support platform is installed in concrete. We attach the upper end to the support post; the support post is secured to the ceiling between the floors with steel anchors. Then the fillies need to be checked for level again.
If the staircase is made near a wall, then to add rigidity to the structure, one stringer is welded to brackets that are fixed to the wall.
They involve welding the steps to the fillets, you can also secure them with bolts, but in this case you need to cover the steps with wood. The steps can also be installed on wooden steps using screw connections.
In the article we told you how to make a metal staircase to the second floor.
Of course, it’s up to you and no one else to decide what material to make the staircase from, but a metal staircase turns out to be visually light, so we recommend this particular design.
We hope that this information was useful to you. We wish you good luck, patience and inspiration!
