home » Interesting » Electrical wiring in a wooden house. Installation rules. Laying electrical wiring in a wooden house: choosing a cable, connecting a circuit breaker and meter, installing sockets and lamps Do-it-yourself wiring in a timber house

Electrical wiring in a wooden house. Installation rules. Laying electrical wiring in a wooden house: choosing a cable, connecting a circuit breaker and meter, installing sockets and lamps Do-it-yourself wiring in a timber house

But the resinous mass of dried wood - dangerous object for the appearance of a random spark: can turn into a tragedy due to technological errors or negligence during installation.

Therefore, installing electrics in a wooden house in a hidden way can only be undertaken with basic technical training and having thoroughly studied the rather stringent current regulatory documents:

GOST R 50572.1-93;
SNiP 3/01/01-85;
SNiP III-4-80;
SNiP 2.08.01(6.17).
“Rules for the construction of electrical installations” (PUE).

Isn’t it better to entrust this important stage of construction professionals?

Why is hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house so attractive?

Surely aesthetics of walls and ceilings:

there are no wiring elements that violate the design of the room;
sockets and switches recessed into the wall do not cause inconvenience when arranging furniture;
the wall surface is easier to use for wallpapering;
correctly executed wiring increases the fire safety level of the building;
ease of replacing the cable in the pipe;
less risk of mechanical damage to wiring;
protruding electrical fittings do not collect dust and do not become a support for cobwebs.

What makes hidden electrical wiring an object of increased danger?

Inaccessibility for constant inspection of the insulation condition and replacement of areas that have undergone aging and destruction (microdamage can cause a short circuit);
complications in the work of adding new points to the electrical circuit after time has passed;
technical complexity of installation, effective only during the construction of the house;
the need to create false structures that can hide insulating pipes;
high cost of work and materials;
costs for special tools.

What are the features of installing hidden wiring in a wooden house?

You must be prepared for the fact that according to the wiring diagram you will be pulling not only wires and cables, but also meters of steel or copper pipes - a prerequisite for insulation. In a wooden house, not even a centimeter of wire should come into contact with the wood. Pulling a cable or wire through a tube is a troublesome task that requires patience.
To install insulating pipes into the body of the wall, you will have to tap, drill, and cut out a place for wiring. This work is dusty, dirty, labor-intensive.
Vertical channels are drilled while laying the crowns of the log house, horizontal ones (with a special drill) - after completion of the construction of the walls.
A conductor is placed in the holes - a wire with which the cable will be pulled.
All installation sites for wiring elements and transitions from one room to another must be well insulated with metal boxes, sleeves, “glasses”, linings, asbestos wrapping or insulation with alabaster plaster.
The number of main channels becomes significant: for a large number, a corrugated pipe of quite large diameter will be required as insulation, which is difficult to hide in a log wall.
The importance of the residual current device (RCD) is increasing; several such devices can be installed in hidden wiring: to disconnect the external circuit, the internal circuit and the circuit with the highest power load.

Rules for performing internal wiring in a wooden house

Electrical wiring is carried out only on the basis of a diagram agreed upon with specialists, with a minimum number of turns and bends.
The electric main is laid exclusively in non-combustible materials.
During installation, priority is given to fire safety objectives, and aesthetic wishes are not so important.
It is advisable to lay channels in the structural recesses of door and window openings, under baseboards, and overhead ceiling cladding.
Corrugated pipes used as channel insulation are protected on all sides with asbestos gaskets during installation. For the same purposes, taking into account the estimated power of the wiring, alabaster or cement plaster and concreting are used.
Galvanized insulating pipes and ducts are connected using threads and welding. Sharp edges are protected with plastic plugs. Copper protective elements in the connection are flared.
The thickness of the pipe walls is selected taking into account the cross-section of the wire cores (example: 2.8 mm for an aluminum core of 10 mm2, or a copper wire of 4 mm2).
The cable (together with the insulating layer) inside the insulating pipe should occupy up to 40% of the internal volume.
The insulation resistance is measured twice: before pulling through the pipe and after.
Distribution boxes must remain freely accessible.
For hidden wiring, wires and cables with triple insulation coating and marking “ng” are used.

Wiring in the ceiling of a wooden house

The advantages of wooden floors include:

high load-bearing capacity;
vibration resistance;
maintaining the geometry of the structure;
reducing the overall weight of the structure;
construction speed;
versatility of use;
Suitable for floor screeds.

Flaw there will be one, and it will be revealed during the fire:

wooden floors quickly catch open fire;
have a tendency to collapse.

What should I do?

Cable protection with pipes.

Therefore, there are no concessions for electrical distribution across floors: only the placement of cables in pipes. By the way, electrical distribution over ceilings is the most convenient way to install hidden wiring. In this case, the grooves for pipes to switches and sockets are descended from the main cables.

Metal tray for complex floor layouts.

True, if the change in direction of the wires is very frequent and at different angles, then it is more rational to use blank copper trays with covers instead of pipes. You can lay out several wires in them at once and in any direction. They perfectly isolate the wiring from the wood of the floors and are attached to each other using rivets. In order to reduce the cost of work, such trays are also made of galvanized steel.

The process of laying trays is complicated by the need to take into account and bypass the structural elements of the house or trim them and then reinforce them. In this case, you cannot do without skills in performing tin work.

It will be necessary to ground each tray separately. When turning, the trays can form an angle that is dangerous for the integrity of the cable, so corrugated insulation is placed on it in this place.

Tray insulation for hidden wiring can also be used on the inside of the ceiling, subsequently covering the entire structure of the false ceiling with plasterboard or tongue-and-groove boards treated with fire retardants.

Taking risks is not always a noble cause.

The most primitive installation method is electrical wiring on floors in layers of alabaster or cement plaster, when one layer is laid down, and after laying the wire, 2-3 cm of a new layer are added. This method is very risky for fire safety (due to the likelihood of cracking) and is rarely used.

The type of cable for a wooden house will be different from that used in urban areas.
The NYM cable is most suitable; it has triple insulation and a sheath made of non-flammable material (polyvinyl chloride).
The greatest reliability in protecting the electrical network from emergency failures are provided by difavtomats, which combine 2 protective devices - a circuit breaker and an RCD (residual current device).
It is worth remembering: grounding each distribution box and each pipe will not be superfluous.
The pipe connection must be reliable: use welding or soldering.
When choosing pipes, give preference to copper pipes: they bend better and easily take the shape of the prepared gutter.
To protect the cable from damage when pulling, you must use plastic end sleeves.
The shrinkage of the house should be taken into account to prevent pinching of the main.
When covering walls with clapboard or wooden wallpaper, you can do without drilling the walls by passing the main distribution pipes along the hollowed out grooves.
You can combine hidden wiring with open wiring: in places where wires are connected to sockets or switches.

All electrical installation work requires the performer to be careful, pay special attention, and strictly adhere to technical rules and established standards. When planning and carrying out electrification of a wooden house, it is necessary to obtain advice from a qualified electrician, familiarize yourself with regulatory documents, basic requirements and the sequence of laying electrical wires.

Requirements for electrical wiring in a wooden house

Installation of electrical wiring in wooden houses has some differences and features from the electrification of stone houses. Safety must be a priority when designing and installing cables. There are a number of basic rules that require strict adherence:

Careful insulation of electrical conductors using non-combustible materials (NYM, VVGng, VVGng-LS).
Aluminum conductors must be replaced with copper conductors with a cross-section of at least 16 mm2. The cable must enter the house through a metal sleeve. The transition of the wire from one room to another is carried out through a rigid metal pipe.
It is advisable to carry out electrification of a wooden house using the “open” method.
It is necessary to accurately calculate the cable thickness, leaving a margin of at least 30%.
Particular attention should be paid to the quality of the materials used. You need to choose a cable with non-flammable insulation.
If it is necessary to install hidden electrical wiring, it is necessary to use a metal pipe. Laying cables in corrugated pipes is prohibited.
Installation of an RCD, ground loop and lightning rod is required. In this case, not only electrical appliances are subject to grounding, but also metal pipes in which the cable is laid.
The input unit - electrical panel should be isolated as much as possible from the wooden structures of the house. Sometimes you have to build a brick wall and make the floors from cement/concrete screed.

Electrical wiring options in a wooden house

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house, namely cable routing, can be done in three ways:

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house: diagrams

According to current standards, when electrifying a private house without installing a transformer, the power consumption cannot be more than 15 kW. This indicator is calculated by summing the power of simultaneously switched on electrical appliances. If the result obtained is less than 15 kW, then install a 25A input circuit breaker, otherwise an additional transformer will be required.

When developing a wiring diagram, connection points are divided into different consumption groups. For example, lighting devices are powered from one machine, a separate device is required for sockets, and an additional device is required for street lighting.

It is advisable to equip personal automatic machines and a separate power supply branch for powerful electrical equipment: an electric stove, a boiler or an electric boiler. Separate power supply circuits are also required for detached outbuildings.

Important! For safety reasons, it is better to increase the number of power supply branches - this measure helps to reduce potentially dangerous connection sections.

Below is an approximate do-it-yourself electrical wiring diagram in a private wooden house.

Some nuances when developing a scheme:

The input machine and meter of the energy supply organization require to be placed outside for easy control of electricity consumption.
For outdoor placement, the meter and circuit breaker must be in a sealed housing that prevents the ingress of moisture, dirt and dust. The box's protection class is at least IP-55. The requirements for boxes installed inside a wooden structure are slightly lower - IP-44, the main condition is that the body is made of metal.
For an emergency power outage, it is necessary to place an RCD - the device will operate in the event of a short circuit in the network.

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house: step-by-step instructions

Development of a power supply project

To develop an individual project, it is necessary to obtain technical specifications from the electricity supply organization (RES), which will become the basis for further work.

Designing the power supply of a wooden house is carried out in the following sequence:

When organizing power supply and drawing up a project, you should be guided not only by personal wishes, but also by certain requirements:

Only vertical or horizontal arrangement of wires is allowed.
All turns of the wire are performed strictly at right angles.
Sockets, switches and distribution boxes must be freely accessible.
According to the rules, the installation of switches is carried out at a distance of 0.6-1.5 meters from the floor level, the cable is fed from above.
The optimal placement of sockets is 0.5-0.8 m from the floor, the recommended number of sockets is 1 pc. for 6 sq.m. In rooms with a large number of household appliances there will be more sockets.
Wires should not be placed closer than 10 cm from door/window openings. It is necessary to exclude contact of wires with metal elements and adjacent wires (minimum permissible distance - 0.5 cm).

Selection of equipment and cables

To avoid complex calculations to determine the appropriate cable, you can use an electrical engineering reference book. The cross-section of the wire core directly depends on the expected loads.

The power consumption of equipment and electrical appliances is indicated in the technical data sheet or operating instructions. Based on these values, a wire with cores of the required cross-section is selected. To determine the size of the input cable, it is necessary to sum up the power of the installed electrical appliances.

Advice. For a wooden house, you should choose a cable marked “NG” (non-flammable) and “LS” (low smoke emission). Typically, wires with a cross section of 2.5 mm and 1.5 mm are used for internal wiring.

The input circuit breaker is selected with a rating sufficient so that at maximum load the power to the house does not turn off, but the circuit breaks, preventing a short circuit.

For single-phase power supply, the circuit breaker is selected as follows:

When choosing switches and sockets, take into account some parameters:

the amount of current for which the equipment is designed;
installation option: external/hidden wiring;
the number of keys - for switches, the number of places - for sockets.

Household appliances with high power (electric stoves, washing machines, boilers, fireplaces, refrigerators, etc.) are subject to mandatory grounding. In such situations, it is advisable to use sockets with a terminal for connecting the ground wire.
"Tees" should be avoided. To simultaneously connect several electrical appliances, install a group of sockets or dual models.
The choice of switches is determined by the lighting mode. To simultaneously turn on several light sources or one lamp, set the switch to one key; for different modes - two- and three-key switches.

Installation of the machine and input of power supply

According to the developed diagram, distribution boxes are installed, mounting points for switches, sockets and lighting devices are marked. Mount the electrical panel housing in the designated location and perform the following actions:

Installation in the meter panel housing.
Installation of the input circuit breaker on a metal profile (din rail). Connection to a two-pole circuit breaker, phase and neutral.
The terminals (output terminals) of the meter are connected to the input of the input circuit breaker.
Installing a cable into the house and connecting it to the input terminals of the meter.
A voltage relay, RCD, and circuit breakers for various power groups (lighting, sockets) are installed on the DIN rail.

Cable entry into the house is carried out underground or over the air. The second option will be cheaper, but this supply is considered less reliable. With “air” input, self-supporting insulated wires are used. The main condition is the installation of a fireproof sleeve at the input site in the house.

With the underground method, a metal pipe is used for entry, protecting the supply cable from various influences. Cable laying using this method must be agreed upon with the power distribution company.

Cable laying, installation of switches and sockets

The wire of the selected cross-section according to the layout plan is laid in a closed or open way.

Do-it-yourself internal wiring technology in a wooden house:

Let's look step by step at how to do electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands using wall-mounted cable ducts:

Important! The number of connections affects the system's ability to carry loads - the more there are, the worse the load capacity.

RCD and grounding

Arranging a grounding loop involves performing the following actions:

Preparation of metal rods diameter 3 cm/length 3 m.
Digging a trench 30 cm deep in a triangular shape, where the length of each side is 1 m. Install metal rods at the corners of the formed triangle.
Connecting reinforcement to each other with metal corners using welding.
Weld an eye (loop) to one corner and fasten a steel rod 1 cm thick to it.
The rod is laid so that it is connected to the grounding conductor in the electrical panel. The insulation of the grounding conductors of the cables is yellow-green.

It is advisable to place an RCD in the panel after the metering device. This device will protect a person from electric shock if it leaks onto the equipment body. The RCD parameters are selected based on the rated current in the network. Such a protective device is especially important for rooms with high levels of humidity (bathroom, bathhouse, swimming pool, etc.).

DIY electrical wiring in a wooden house: video

Common Newbie Mistakes

Electrification of a wooden house is a responsible undertaking. According to statistics from firefighting organizations, most wooden structures catch fire primarily due to faulty electrical wiring. Some novice masters may ignore the advice of professionals and make a number of serious mistakes:

Hiding wiring under wooden ceiling structures.
Laying cables under the baseboard.
Using corrugated PVC pipes for laying wires. Despite the practical qualities of the material and the ease of its installation, PVC pipes are prohibited for use for the electrification of wooden buildings.
The location of the insulated cable in the groove without the use of a metal pipe.
The use of plastic boxes for sockets and switches.

In modern society it is impossible to imagine a house without electricity, so high-quality wiring installation is necessary in every room. It is best to entrust such work to professional electricians, but it is possible to install the electrical wiring yourself. To do this, you need to be well informed on this issue.

Electrical cable layout diagram

Installation of electrical wiring begins with preparing a diagram of the location of switches, wires, sockets, meters and other devices. By drawing up such a project, you will be able to more accurately calculate the amount of material. In the future, it will be easier for you to install electrical wiring yourself in accordance with established standards and GOSTs. It won't be difficult to draw a diagram.

When drawing up a plan, you need to consider the following:

All elements must be located in an accessible place for ease of further maintenance. Distribution boxes must be constantly accessible in case of damage. It is not recommended to install wiring elements in hard-to-reach places.
Switches should be located in open areas. There is no need to block it with cabinets and other interior items. You don't have to reach or bend over to turn on the light. Current GOST standards do not impose serious requirements on installation height, so electricians advise installing switches at a height of 100 cm from the floor. This will undoubtedly add convenience.
Before installing sockets, it is necessary to think in advance about the location of electrical appliances, so as not to cause discomfort in the future when using extension cords. It is prohibited to install sockets closer than 50 cm to metal objects. According to the standards, one socket per 6 m² is required, of course, more are needed in the kitchen. For your own safety, during installation you must step back at least 25 cm from the floor.
The electrical cable can be located at the top or bottom of the room, with a 15 cm indentation made from the baseboard or ceiling. The lines should be drawn strictly vertically or horizontally. Since this is done in wooden houses, it is necessary to think in advance about the location of the cornices. All ends of the power lines are led out into a distribution box in which they are connected to each other.

After preparing a schematic representation of the electrical lines, you can begin installing the electrical wiring yourself. Once the smallest details have been thought through, it’s time to start purchasing the necessary material. Doing it yourself in an apartment will also require creating a diagram before work.

Material for installing wiring in a wooden house

In order not to constantly run to the store to buy additional goods needed for work, you should immediately prepare everything you need. If you have a diagram, this will not be difficult. with your own hands will require more materials than a closed one. Since the house is built of wood, you need to forget about internal electrical lines. In any case, special attention should be paid to the quality of the material. The cheaper the material, the greater the likelihood of its poor quality.

For work we will need:

Safety precautions during work

When carrying out any construction activities, it is necessary to pay special attention to personal safety. Before starting work, make sure you have personal protective equipment. It is necessary to work in a helmet and special thick clothing. Electrical wiring is installed with de-energized lines. If the work involves electricity, you will need rubber gloves to prevent electric shock. Installation at height must be carried out with insurance on fully functional stands. Avoid standing on unstable stepladders. The issue of safety must be approached with full responsibility.

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house

There are several main stages of work:

Laying electrical cable lines.
Installation of distribution boxes.
Installation of sockets and switches.
devices.
Shield connection.
Output and installation of the grounding loop.

Laying electrical cable lines

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in an apartment can be done in baseboards. This will completely hide the wire from view. It is especially convenient to install the cable in the baseboard under the sockets. Electrical wiring lines are laid in plastic pipes to ensure greater safety. If you need to install electrical wiring yourself, you can do it in a corrugated structure, since in this room an aesthetic appearance is not particularly needed.

Installation of distribution boxes

In places where it is necessary to make a branch from the main electrical line to connect an outlet, a distribution box is installed. It should be located where it can be conveniently serviced. Inside the distributor, the cables are connected to each other in various ways:

Using PPE. One of the simplest ways. For this type of connection, each wire is stripped 2-3 cm, twisted and PPE is placed on them. In the box, the ends are laid so that they do not touch each other.
Wagami connection. They differ in the number and cross-section of holes. For installation it is necessary to strip each wire by 10 mm. Then the ends must be inserted into the holes until they click. Take the ends in different directions and lay them so that they do not contact each other.
Of course, the cheapest way is to twist the bare ends together and wrap them with insulating tape. As in the previous methods, contact should not be allowed here.

Installation of switches and sockets

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house is carried out directly at the surface of the wall. Accordingly, the sockets are also attached to the wall. It must be secured securely so that the socket does not wobble. The yellow or green wire must be clamped to the ground contact, and the other two to the power contacts. Switches are connected in the same way. Only the wire going to the switch may not have a grounding conductor. To save money, the wire going to the switch can be two-core and with a smaller cross-section.

Installation of lighting fixtures

Recently, lamps are increasingly being used to illuminate residential premises. Beautiful spot lighting will add elegance to your home. Brightness can be adjusted using special devices.

In most cases, for home lighting they use:

recessed lamps;
invoices;
street

The lamps are connected with yellow-green wires. Each device has a clamp for this type of connection. Lamps of the same group must be connected in parallel.

Connecting the shield

The electrical panel is the main element in the wiring of the entire house. The performance and safety of all wiring as a whole depends on how it is mounted. Automatic devices must be installed in the panel, allowing the group to be de-energized by simply pressing a button. For a cable with a cross-section of 2.5, it is necessary to install a 25A relay. If there are any malfunctions in operation, the machine will turn off the circuit itself, or simply knock it out. Electrical panels are available in various types, with transparent windows or solid ones. Upon completion of installation, each group inside the switchboard must be signed. For this purpose, most boxes come with a special sticker. In order to connect the core to the machine, it must be stripped and inserted until it clicks into a specialized hole. This is the final and most difficult stage of wood installation. This process must be given special attention, since the incorrect sequence of connecting the wires can lead to a short circuit.

Installing a ground loop

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring installation in a private house must be done with access to the street. To do this, step back a short distance from the building and dig a trench 2.5-3 meters long and about half a meter deep. At the same distance from each other, it is necessary to drive in 3 reinforcement rods, which are connected to each other with metal wire. Then you need to drive a metal base into the wall of the house, to which you need to connect the wire from the rods and the grounding wire. At the clogged base, all these wires must be connected to each other. If there is a lightning rod on the roof of the house, the wire from it must also be connected to the base. The dug ditch needs to be filled with sand and the top layer with earth.

Open wiring

Wooden houses are rarely found in urban areas. Mostly, holiday villages are built from wood. Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a dacha is done in the same way as in a wooden house. Since a wooden house is a fire hazard, electrical wiring must be open.

Methods for laying cables in a wooden country house:

It is desirable that all PVC elements are non-flammable. The passage of cables or wires through wooden walls is only possible through an iron tunnel driven in in advance. Thus, the installation of electrical wiring with your own hands is completed. The photos presented in the article may be useful in the future.

Wiring of this type is usually done in non-residential premises. Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in the garage is also done using the open method.

At the end of work

Upon completion of all work, it is necessary to check the functionality of the newly laid lines. To do this, you can invite specialists from the electrical laboratory to take all the necessary measurements. Professionals in this field will issue an opinion on the serviceability of the wiring in a wooden house.

Electrical laboratory workers must do the following:

check the insulation resistance and grounding resistance;
measure RCD and phase-zero loops;
load the machines with primary current;
Check the functionality of all electrical wiring systems.

Prices for work vary from 200 to 350 rubles per point. Points include sockets, switches, boxes and other wiring elements. If you contact the company, they will charge you at least 300 rubles for one point. Private workers, of course, will be more accepting of the price. The final price can be easily calculated using the diagram. In any case, the master performing the work must give a guarantee of quality. To be completely confident in the quality of the work performed, it is best to try to do it yourself.

As you can see from the article, installing electrical wiring yourself will not take much time and effort. But you need to approach this process very seriously, and especially regarding safety precautions. Pay attention to every little detail, since fixing it is more difficult than doing it right in the first place. Since a wooden house is more vulnerable to fire, it is necessary to take care of safety. There is no need to neglect the requirements established by regulatory documents. This article covers all the nuances of installing electrical wiring in a wooden house. If you have certain skills, it will not be difficult to complete all the work, and the family budget will not suffer much. Many people are mistaken in thinking that exposed wiring is ugly. If you run the wire along the baseboard, it will not be visible at all, just like with closed wiring. Cable channels will also hide it without harming the beautiful appearance of your room. The main advantage of open wiring is that if there is any malfunction, it can be immediately detected and eliminated.

Electrical wiring in a wooden house is an important aspect in construction. Despite the fact that the wood that is used to build houses and cottages is treated with a variety of impregnations to increase fire resistance, this material still remains vulnerable. If you do not install the electrical network in your home according to the rules, you can put your family in danger.

If you want to install an electrical network in a wooden house yourself, you need to adhere to a certain set of rules - PUE and SNiP. They provide a short general list of requirements, subject to which you can protect yourself as much as possible and prevent fires in a wooden room. Do-it-yourself wiring in the house must be laid according to clear instructions and each step must be provided for.

PUE (electrical installation rules) – determines the requirements for the installation of an electrical network in premises. Compliance with the requirements of the PUE is considered expensive to implement, but a very advisable method. It is tough and labor-intensive to execute. For this reason, these rules are not often followed.

SNiP and PUE were prescribed in order to calculate absolute safety under the condition of any load flowing through the cable, to protect oneself from a short circuit or ignition of the line. If homemade wiring in a wooden house is not exposed to relatively high voltage, then this does not pose any particular danger.

Therefore, when laying electrical wiring in such a building, you should take into account all risk factors and make the right decision. Either the line is made in accordance with all the rules of the PUE and SNiP - expensive, but reliable, or it will be carried out faster and cheaper, but under high loads your home will become unsafe.

The regulation PUE-6 has special requirements for laying electrical wiring in wooden premises. To prevent moisture and steam condensation from accumulating on the cables, they are placed in pipes and metal sleeves or boxes are bent. This also gives the wires additional protection from mechanical damage.

It is allowed to connect such pipes, ducts or metal hoses if the room is dry, there is no accumulation of gas, vapor, condensation and the humidity level is normal. Connecting metal hoses, ducts and pipes is necessary under negative conditions in the house. They should be fastened together when the room contains vapors and gases that negatively affect the insulation of the cables, their protective sheath, as well as when installing the wiring externally, if moisture, oil and other liquids may enter the power line. After bonding, they are compacted and sealed.

In dusty houses, sealing joints and branches of pipes, hoses, and boxes are made to protect against dust and small debris. Connecting pipes, sleeves and boxes are used as a grounding or neutral protective conductor, performing the function of “ground” or “zero” in electrical wiring. It is prohibited to route cables through ventilation ducts and shafts. Only crossing with a single wire, which is located in a protective metal sleeve or pipe, is allowed.

Also, the laying of wires behind the suspended ceiling must be carried out in accordance with the standards of Chapter 7 of the PUE. When installing an electrical network in a private wooden house, the use of exclusively copper wires is required. You also need to carefully select the type of cable that can withstand the required load with a reserve. It is imperative to follow safety precautions when laying an electrical line in the house.

How not to do it

In order to install an electrical network into a wooden building, you cannot use all installation methods for stone houses or apartments. Do not install the wire on a wooden beam or other structures without protection. The main power line should not be covered with flammable materials or finishes. Do not allow the wiring insulation to be exposed to temperature changes, humidity, accumulation of dust and dirt on the wires, frequent deformation and bending of the wires. It is necessary to avoid increasing the load on the entire home network.

All these factors can cause damage to the wiring, resulting in a short circuit. If the exposed part of the electrical wiring ignites in a wooden house, then a fire is inevitable. Wires should also not be left unprotected. Pets or rodents may chew through the wire, which must be avoided. When processing wood near laid wires, a large amount of shavings and debris accumulates. In the event of a short circuit, the presence of flammable material will help ignite.

Entering cables into the house

Laying electrical cables into a private wooden house is a very important area of work. You should not focus entirely on the internal wiring in the building. The entry of the power cable into the house must meet modern requirements. It must be taken into account that energy consumption has increased, which increases the load on the line, as well as the impact on the external insulation of solar radiation, temperature changes, and moisture, which subsequently exposes the metal conductors of the wires. There are two possible ways to install a power line into a private house - underground and overhead.

The underground method of laying an electrical line is more reliable, but complex and expensive. The power transmission cable is completely hidden from external factors, which reduces the risk of mechanical damage to the wire, moisture ingress, etc. For this purpose, excavation work is carried out. The cable is placed at a depth of more than 80 centimeters, and the security zone must be marked with special signs. The passage of the power line under the foundation of the house is done with a special metal sleeve through which the wire passes. The sleeve is made of thick-walled pipes and durable metal.

Today, this method is used in the construction of new houses, since it is possible to think through the passage of all communications into the building using new construction technologies. Air method. This method has been used for a long time. Only qualified workers with appropriate clearance are allowed on power line poles. Therefore, you cannot enter the cable yourself.

A SIP type cable is used from the pole to the house. The self-supporting insulated wire has a very durable sheath of polyethylene structure and is resistant to solar radiation and temperature changes. Service life is about 25-30 years. This line does not go inside the building, only to the switchboard. For a separate section that connects the line connection point and the distribution device, a VVGng cable is used. Can be used for fixed wiring, as well as for outdoor wiring. For reliability, it is placed in an electrical corrugated pipe.

The connection usually takes place outside the building. Where the VVGng wire crosses through the wooden beams of the house, attic walls, or ceilings, a metal sleeve is built in for additional protection of the wire.

Video “Wiring in a log house”

Shield installation

When installing the shield, you need to follow the step-by-step instructions for installing it. All wiring goes directly to the distribution panel. It contains an electric meter, additional protective devices, automatic plugs (a modern way to de-energize an overvoltage network), a DIN rail, as well as ground loop and “zero” busbars. What dimensions the box should have is not regulated, but it is better not to skimp on this, so that it is possible to increase the equipment when the need for electricity increases.

The installation of the meter is carried out by specialists from a government agency, who seal it. The power of operating machines is calculated for each zone separately. When a sector is overloaded, the direct supply of electricity is turned off in order to avoid negative consequences. The RCD can be connected to the entire intra-house network. This may result in the machine triggering more frequently, but this is not critical. Installation of the shield is carried out on a strong, stable vertical surface in an accessible place. In private sectors it is located outside the building.

When connecting wires to the distribution panel, ordinary twisting is not used. For this purpose, soldering or terminal connections are used. The terminals are reliable and can be easily replaced if necessary. When choosing which method can best protect the electrical distribution panel, you can choose a protective sealed box, which will prevent moisture from entering and physical damage.

Open wiring

According to PUE-6 standards, open electrical wiring in a wooden house is laid on the surface of the walls of the building, along the ceilings, as well as along trusses and other building elements of the structure (supports, beams, etc.). Open wiring is laid along a tension string, cable, or on special wheels. Insulators are used for electrical cables and cords, metal pipes, more flexible with hands for line mobility, in trays. There are also special electrical skirting boards in which the wire is placed, platbands with this purpose, and free suspension.

Open wiring in a private wooden house involves the use of a special electrical corrugated pipe to create an electrical line. For its production, a special stable and non-flammable type of plastic is used. It is much more expensive than conventional insulating elements, but is justified by its reliability. This corrugated tube is very convenient for installation, as it is quite flexible. Despite its unesthetic appearance, this insulating material is one of the best for open wiring in a wooden house.

The electrical tube collects a large amount of dust due to some characteristics of the material, which requires constant care and wiping of dust from its surface. Electrical boxes can be used for installation of open wiring. After the construction of a private wooden house, channels are installed in special boxes, which are usually made of fire-resistant plastic. Cables are pulled into them and then sealed with lids.

The main problem with using such installation is the shrinkage of the building after construction. The higher quality the wooden beam used for construction, the lower the level of shrinkage of the house. If the building is made of laminated veneer lumber, then the shrinkage is usually 1 centimeter per 1 meter of house height. Then, over time, on average, for a two-story wooden house, the shrinkage will be about 3 centimeters. If the wiring was made with tension on the cord, then it may burst from excess tension and pressure. Otherwise, the lids of the boxes will fly off and they will crack. Then the wiring will need to be re-strung. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account shrinkage, make a small supply of wire at the joints, near the distribution panel, and also at the electric pole.

Hidden wiring

The PUE-6 standards stipulate that hidden wiring in a wooden house can be laid directly inside the structural elements of the building (wall, floor, ceilings, foundation), in the wooden floors, as well as under removable beams. Hidden electrical wiring in a house can be done in several ways - placing the cable in flexible protective sleeves, pipes, boxes, in hollow building structures or closed channels. Also, laying the wiring can be done in a grooved furrow, which is covered with special plaster, or creating a “monolith” in various building structures when they are manufactured at the factory.
It is recommended to begin installing hidden wiring in a wooden building using metal hoses or pipes to protect the room. By adhering to these rules, you can avoid the consequences of sparking wiring and overheating of cables from excessive load in the network.

Typically, hidden wiring is laid behind the wooden beams of the walls or floor. It is necessary that the protective elements are minimally vulnerable to corrosion. To do this, you need to pre-paint the structures with durable paint to reduce the likelihood of rusting and increase service life, or use pipes made of a special material - stainless steel (expensive and reliable), galvanized.

After the pipes and hoses have been cut to the required length, sharp iron burrs and edges remain at their ends, which should not be allowed when laying the cable. Since these edges can damage the braiding of the cord, they must be cleaned with a sharpening stone or file. Specially designed plastic plugs can be used.

If the electrical wiring in the house will be done under a wooden floor, then you need to raise several bars for more convenient laying of the hose or pipe. In the places where the wiring exits, to connect the fittings you need to drill in the timber. The wires coming from the main line can be placed in a copper tube and recessed into the wall. Copper is quite flexible, resistant to corrosion and is well suited for further installation work, but this material is quite expensive. If the electrical cables will be recessed into the wall, then you need to use a drill and a hammer drill. In this case, the beam is not removed, but a longitudinal hollow is drilled into it, where the wire will be laid in the future.

According to GOST and PUE, there is a standard for installing power lines in rooms with temperature changes. If a stable temperature corresponding to the season will not be maintained in a wooden house, then the pipes with cables should be placed at a slight slope. This is due to the fact that condensation can accumulate in such houses, which cannot be allowed. A slight slope will allow the accumulated condensate to gradually flow into the lower part of the pipe and gradually evaporate.
Since there is no point in using plaster in wooden houses, the wiring is usually placed on a wooden floor beam or between wall partitions where there are recesses.

Electricity has long become one of the most common benefits of civilization, and today it is difficult to imagine any home without it. Electrical installation in a wooden house made of timber is one of the mandatory types of work, but it is better to entrust the installation of wiring and connecting electrical appliances to professionals.

Working with electricity requires special knowledge, and if you don’t have it, unprofessional installation can become life-threatening. It is important to strictly adhere to fire safety rules when laying a network in the house.

Basic rules for laying electrical wiring

Installation of electrical wiring in a timber house begins with the development of a detailed project:

it is necessary to decide on the method of introducing the cable into the house,
connecting it to the distribution panel,
as well as with the option of laying electrical wires around the house.

Wiring can be external or internal, both cases have their own nuances.

Important! Hidden wiring in a wooden house can only be laid in metal tubes that protect the house from fire. The same metal tubes should be used where the electrical cable enters the house from the street. According to fire safety rules, hidden installation in plastic corrugated pipes is unacceptable.

External wiring is laid using plastic cable ducts. Because they are visible, there is less risk of undetected damage. Electrical installation in a log house is carried out taking into account several important principles:

It is necessary to calculate the load on the electrical network in advance. Decide what electrical appliances will be installed in the house and where they will be located. The number of RCDs depends on the number of powerful consumers: it is advisable to provide each large device with a separate protective device.
It is necessary to think about the location of sockets and switches, and it is important that one section of the network does not bear too much load. This creates a risk of overheating, which will cause the machine to trip.
Only copper cable is laid inside the house; it is recommended to choose wires with non-flammable insulation, which does not emit toxic substances when heated. Finding suitable cable products today is not difficult, and it will reduce the risk of fire.

It is better to discuss the electrical installation project for a log house with a specialist. It is important to provide a reserve: over time, the number of electricity consumers may increase, and this will lead to an ever-increasing load on the network.

The sequence of laying electricity in a private house

Electrical installation of houses made of timber is a multi-stage process, during which the slightest negligence should not be allowed. The owner of the house will have to solve the following problems:

Wiring installation work can take a long time if third-party specialists are not involved. For hidden wiring you will have to ditch the walls, this is a long, hard job. Due to its labor-intensive nature, many homeowners prefer the open option, sacrificing aesthetics for ease of use and installation.

A pre-drawn diagram will significantly speed up and simplify the work of the master. You need to think about the placement of household appliances: heaters and hot water devices consume the most electricity, in addition, you will need to resolve the issue of the type, installation and location of lamps.

It is not advisable to install electrical wiring yourself in any case: a professional can give useful advice on the location of sockets and other electrical equipment, in addition, most companies issue a guarantee for the work of a specialist. This will ensure the reliability of the installation and the protection of the house from fire.

It must be remembered that it is advisable to regularly monitor the integrity of the wiring, and if any malfunctions occur, it is necessary to eliminate the identified defects as soon as possible before they cause a disaster.

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