Forced ventilation. Features of ventilation of multi-storey buildings: arrangement of exhaust and supply ventilation in an apartment Supply fan with filter for an apartment

Projects of modern urban housing, country houses, and offices, as a rule, provide for the installation of passive ventilation ducts. But passive ventilation is not always able to ensure the quality of indoor air. Are there other solutions? The article looks at some possible options.

Attempts to obtain fresh, clean air in apartments, country houses, and offices have been made for a long time, especially abroad. Various technical means are used - air purifiers, ionizers, air conditioners, air washers and others. For example, about a dozen types of household air purifiers alone have been developed. The idea of ​​cleaning the indoor atmosphere certainly deserves attention, but the trouble is that the technological process of the noted devices does not actually involve the use of fresh (outside) air. The operation of home air conditioning systems and internal air treatment devices is often accompanied by the formation of dangerous microorganisms and the appearance of persistent unpleasant odors. The reason is the lack of influx from outside. Owners of household air conditioners and other air-purifying machines are probably familiar with this problem. So, perhaps, organizing effective supply and exhaust ventilation at home, in an apartment, in an office, can help solve the problem of high-quality air exchange?

The market offers a lot of options. It is worth noting that the proposals are positioned in two types of installations: there is only supply ventilation, and there is supply and exhaust ventilation. The first one is still somewhat incomplete, since it does not have the function of removing air from the room. However, for the conditions of a standard apartment, such installations are quite suitable, acting as a kind of ventilators with closed windows and doors. Household air handling units should be considered as a more serious option. This type of equipment is becoming attractive for large-area apartment projects, country houses, and office premises.

Compact inlets

Household installations that functionally provide only air flow are attractive due to their small overall dimensions, low price, and ease of installation. Disadvantage: uneven air exchange, limited coverage of living space. The introduction of such an “inflow” into the composition of the apartment as a whole does not disturb the overall interior. Well-executed technically, such devices create a low noise level during operation. The vast majority of household air supply units are equipped with effective multi-stage filters. There are models with electric heating and heat recovery. The performance parameters of apartment air inlets are limited to the range of 15-220 m 3 /h, which makes it possible to ventilate rooms with an area of ​​5-50 m 2 quite effectively. Manufacturers mainly supply the market with devices intended for installation on walls, but there are other options, for example, window and ceiling.

Complete systems - supply and exhaust

Ventilation systems for air supply and exhaust are technically more advanced devices, but they are large and expensive. This option is hardly practical for equipping a standard apartment, but it is quite suitable for equipping a country house or office. What do complete ventilation systems give to the user:

• continuous circulation of fresh air in all rooms;
• high-quality air treatment (filtration, heating, cooling, humidification);
• heat recovery function (obtaining efficiency up to 85%);
• fully automated climate control process.

Supply and exhaust units, depending on productivity (200-1000 m 3 /h) and overall dimensions, have suspended, wall-mounted, and floor-mounted designs. Installation is usually carried out in auxiliary premises.

Review of systems from leading manufacturers

Despite all the desire to see Russian manufacturers in the forefront, the palm still has to be given to foreigners. The Swedes, Germans, Italians, and British show quality and dictate pricing policy. And yet Russian sprouts appear:

• the Tion company offers household ventilation systems for apartments, air disinfection and purification devices;
• the Breezart enterprise markets ventilation units for the home, air humidifiers, develops VAV systems, and automatic control modules;
• VentMashine manufactures good, but expensive household ventilation equipment based on imported (German) components and technologies.

Tion O2

The first manufacturer is gaining popularity thanks to its own development of the Tion O 2 breather, and in addition to this product it produces a number of interesting devices and installations. The second company is attracted by VAV systems, calling this technology innovative in the field of domestic ventilation. In addition, it produces air handling units of the Breezart 550 (1000) series with an electric or water heater. The third company once became famous for the production of the silent air supply unit “PVU-120” and has since made significant progress in the development of household air supply systems. Many people are probably familiar with the devices “Selenga”, “Kolibri”, V-Stat, “PVU-350”.

PVU-350

Foreign manufacturers have high quality products. However, due to the high cost of supply and exhaust equipment, consumer demand in this segment remains low. Some interesting things that can be noted selectively:

• equipment from Siegenia-Aubi;
• supply and exhaust equipment from Silavent;
• household systems from Mitsubishi;
• supply and exhaust units of the Systemair brand.

Aeropack SN

Germans from Siegenia-Aubi received recognition from Russian consumers thanks to the appearance of Aeropack ventilators on the market. A relatively inexpensive household air supply is an option for an apartment ventilation system. It is positioned as a low-noise, highly efficient household appliance that has a universal filter system, but at the same time requires frequent replacement of consumables. The English manufacturer Silavent provides interesting ventilation, offering Energex air handling units, compact apartment units (ENX100 series) and central ventilation units (WHS100 series) for all rooms of the house. The well-known Japanese company Mitsubishi also made its contribution to the development of domestic ventilation by releasing to the market compact apartment air handling units Lossnay (VL-100U-E) with a recuperator. The price of the device, by the way, is low. Swedish Systemair air handling units with heat recovery function (VR 250, 400, 700 EH/B series) are interesting solutions for large apartments, country houses, and offices. Using such installations, it is possible to create a full-fledged ventilation system, but the problem arises of masking the ventilation ducts and the equipment itself.

Features of air handling units for home use

To heat the air, supply and exhaust units can use not only electrical energy, but also the energy of the heating circuit. To cool the air, an air conditioner evaporator or a water heater (chiller system). It is possible to regulate air humidity by introducing a steam generator or duct humidifier into the system. Such designs are equipped with multifunctional controllers, which allows you to automatically control check valves of ventilation ducts, coolant supply regulators, the operation of electric heating elements, a steam generator, fan rotation speed, and circulation pumps. Compact air inlets are somewhat inferior in terms of automation, equipment and functionality, but the peculiarity of these installations is their miniature size. Almost all types of installations have timers - the ability to schedule ventilation operation.

Design of serial systems

The designs of apartment inlets from most manufacturers differ slightly. Usually the device is a compact rectangular block (Aeropac, Selenga, Tion O 2, Lossnay, Energex), covered with plastic panels. This block includes:

• air intake channel and air removal channel (for PVS);
• non-return air valve;
• filter system;
• a heating element;
• fan;
• monitoring and control unit.

High-performance supply and exhaust equipment is designed according to the same principle, but involves the use of ventilation ducts. Design using the example of a Systemair VR400 EN/B installation:

• rectangular housing made of galvanized steel, option for wall mounting;
• air intake, supply, outflow, and exhaust channels are located in the area of ​​the top panel. Additionally there is a channel for a kitchen umbrella;
• inside are two centrifugal low-noise fans, a rotary heat exchanger, coarse and fine pocket filters, an electric heater unit, and a programmable microcontroller from Corrigo.

Homemade production of air supply units

There are Russian Kulibins trying to figure out something of their own in the field of domestic ventilation. We must give credit where it is due; some results have been achieved.

A simple example of a homemade stitch. On the wall of the house in contact with the street, a hole with a diameter of 130 mm is drilled in a convenient place, into which a plastic pipe having an internal diameter of 125 mm is inserted. An insulator is laid on the inner walls of the plastic pipe - high-density foam rubber or other suitable material. The thickness of the insulator must be at least 3 mm. From the street side, the channel is closed with a mesh cover. Inside the apartment, the exiting part of the pipe is equipped with a valve with an adjustable damper and a filter element (mesh, sipron, foam rubber). That's all - the passive “inflow” is ready. If you add a fan to the design, the passive supply will become active.

Filters for domestic ventilation systems

Air treatment technology in its simplest form involves the use of filters. Modern supply and supply and exhaust units support step filtration. That is, the designs use filters of different types and varying degrees of purification. So, for example, in the “Tion O 2” installation three options are used at once: a coarse filter, a fine filter and a carbon filter. The first two filter microparticles, dust, bacteria, the last filters gases, smoke, odors.

Types of filters

Coarse filters— mesh panels, for cleaning the air mass from large particles. They perform the task of pre-filtration before the air enters the next stage of processing.

Fine filters- panel or pocket, made on the basis of fiberglass fabric. An example of such a filter for household ventilation systems is the HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) design. The effectiveness of a HEPA filter is directly dependent on the diameter of the fibers and the thickness of the filter material. HEPA filters are quite effective, but have a significant drawback - as they become dirty, the filtration rate decreases proportionally. Another drawback of these filters is the high probability of formation of negative microflora on the surface due to pollution. To eliminate this effect, some manufacturers use antiseptic impregnation of HEPA filters.

High Efficiency Particulate Air

Carbon filters(adsorption-catalytic) - based on a porous material (activated carbon) capable of absorbing gas molecules. Designed to clean the air mass from organic compounds with volatile and semi-volatile properties. The effectiveness of a carbon filter is directly proportional to the mass of activated carbon embedded in the design. The size of the filter granules influences the cleaning speed. The larger the size, the higher the speed. The corrugated design of the filter surface increases productivity. Although this type of filter has advantages, it also has disadvantages. A humid environment dramatically reduces efficiency. Plus, only gases with a large molecular weight are filtered.

Electrostatic filters- based on plate-type electrodes. In the area of ​​the electrodes, under the influence of current, an electrostatic field is formed, attracting dust particles. This type of filter is only effective against dust and in low air flow conditions. Electrostatic filters can release ozone in quantities that are hazardous to health.

Photocatalytic filters— ensure the elimination of toxic impurities from the air by exposing them to ultraviolet radiation. Interestingly, these same filters eliminate odors resulting from organic compounds. For high efficiency of photocatalytic filters, high photocatalyst performance and high ultraviolet radiation power are required. Both the first and second effects are quite difficult to implement in domestic ventilation installations.

Filtration class

Air filters are classified according to their efficiency. The standard establishes three classes of filtering capacity. Third class (G3, G4) - particles larger than ten microns in size are retained. Second class (F5) - particles larger than one micron are retained. First class (F7) - complete removal of air from microparticles and dust. Marking of filters by class:

• coarse cleaning G3, G4
• fine cleaning F5, F7

HEPA filters have their own classification: H10, H11, H12, H13, H14. The higher the value of the classifier digit, the more effective the filter. Thus, class H14 corresponds to the first class according to the international standard.

Market value of air filters

The price of filters for supply and supply and exhaust units often becomes the reason for user disappointment in such devices. The issue of filters is especially relevant for users of compact air handling units, since due to their miniature design, the filters of such systems become dirty much faster than in the case of full-fledged air handling units. For example, for the Aeropack inlet, the frequency of replacing the F5 filter is every six months, but practice shows that replacement is required earlier. Carbon filters and HEPA filters fail even more often. The average price of F5 filters varies in the range of 1000-1500 rubles, HEPA filters of the lowest degree of purification H11 in the range of 1200-1700 rubles, for adsorption-catalytic (carbon) filters in the range of 1000-1500 rubles. Fine filters F5-F7 for supply and exhaust systems are also not cheap, but can withstand up to one and a half years of operation.

Filter maintenance and replacement

Filter elements are serviced as they become dirty. It is advisable to clean class G3 coarse filters for apartment compact inlets once a month. Panel and pocket filters G3 of supply and exhaust units must be cleaned once a quarter. For processing, it is convenient to use a non-rough brush, a vacuum cleaner and cleaning products that dissolve fatty deposits. Washing machines cannot be used. Filter elements of class F5 and F7, as well as HEPA filters, cannot be cleaned and must be replaced at the end of their service life.

The simplest method for selecting a ventilation system for installation at home

Performance calculation

1. Determining the volume of the room:

• V = S * h (S- area of ​​the dwelling, m2, h— height of walls to ceiling, m).

Example: the area of ​​a two-room apartment is 51 m2. Ceiling height - 2.85 m. Volume calculation: V= 51 * 2.85 = 145.35 m3.

2. Calculation of air exchange rate:

• Vк = V * n (n— required air exchange rate). For a standard apartment n = 1-2.

Example: there is a room volume of 145.35 m3. The multiplicity for an apartment is 1.5. Multiplicity calculation: Vk= 145.35 * 1.5 = 218 m3.

3. Selecting an installation with a performance parameter equal to the obtained air exchange rate and increased by 20 - 30 percent.

Example: multiplicity increased by 20%: 218 * 20 / 100 = 43.6, performance of a ventilation unit for 2 rooms. apartments: 218 + 43.6 = 261.6 m 3 / h.

Calculation of heater power (W)

P = M * 0.36 * t (M- amount of passing air, m 3 / h, t— average temperature background of the cold season, degrees). For the territory of Russia t= 40-45 degrees.

Example: P= 261.6 * 0.36 * 42 = 3955 W (4 kW)

Cooler power calculation (W)

It is calculated similarly to the heater calculation, except for the value t= 50-55 degrees - average temperature background of the warm season.

Example: P= 261.6 * 0.36 * 52 = 4897 W (4.9 kW)

Calculation of steam generator power (W)

P = S * h * w (S- area of ​​the dwelling, m2, h— height of walls to ceiling, m, w— 30, fixed value — minimum humidity parameter).

Example: P= 51 * 2.85 * 30 = 4360 W (4.36 kW)

Vladimir Batov, rmnt.ru

Once you have been in a stuffy room, you forever understand that it is impossible to stay in the stuffiness for a long time. When we can't breathe, we get tired, lose concentration, and feel dizzy. So the lack of clean, fresh air negatively affects not only the level of comfort, but also well-being. That is why it is important to organize air exchange in any place where people spend a lot of time, be it an office, an apartment or a private home.

Poor quality ventilation or its absence is determined by the following signs:

Feeling stuffy and
"stuffiness" of the air

Mold on the walls
or ceiling

Airtightness of the room (plastic windows, insulation of ceilings and walls, etc.)

High indoor humidity

Air flow can be ensured by simple ventilation, but this method has disadvantages: not only oxygen penetrates through open windows, but also noise, dust, allergens and cold. It is much more efficient to organize supply ventilation.

What is forced ventilation

Supply ventilation is a system that delivers fresh air from the street into the room. Depending on the type and model, it may consist of the following elements:

Fan

It is the fan that “draws” air into the room. The performance of the entire system depends on its power. However, ventilation consisting only of a fan in the wall is not much different from open windows. Of course, fresh air will be supplied regularly, but along with it will come pollutants and street cold.

Filters

They prevent wool, fluff, dust, pollen, exhaust gases from entering the room - everything that the street air is “rich in”. vary depending on the specific pollutant. Some devices cope with even microscopic dirt with a bang, while some will only save you from insects and large clods of dust.

A heating element

It provides air heating during the cold season. It can be water or electric. Water heaters are usually used in spacious rooms, but for a small room an electric one is sufficient.

Recuperator

It is used to reduce heating costs in winter. It transfers the heat of already exhausted room air to the cold street air.

Sound absorption system

Some fresh air fans are too loud. To reduce noise levels, soundproofing materials are used during development.

Air ducts

Pipes through which air moves. They can be made of plastic, aluminum alloys or stainless steel, hard or flexible - their characteristics depend on the specific ventilation system.

Automatic control system

It combines a temperature sensor, a fan speed controller, a filter contamination level controller and much more. Thanks to automation, you don’t have to worry about the ventilation – it will work on its own.

THE VENTILATION SYSTEM MAY ALSO INCLUDE A DRYER, HUMIDIFIER OR AIR DISINFECTER.

Types of supply ventilation

There are several classifications of supply ventilation. First, let's look at the general categories and then move on to specific options.

By the presence or absence of air ducts:

Ductless– fresh air passes through a hole in the wall or window. For example, supply valves belong to this type.

Duct– air passes through the duct system.

By design:

Monoblock. This type of ventilation consists of one block in which all elements are connected - fan, filters, heater, etc.

Prefabricated– all elements of the system are connected to each other by air ducts.

By ventilation method:

General supply ventilation– air flows evenly into different parts of the room, for example into each room of the apartment.

Local– designed to supply air only in a specific place, for example in one room.

By air circulation method:

With natural circulation. In essence, such ventilation is simply a hole in the wall with a grill through which air from the street passes.

With forced circulation. In this type, the main role is played by the fan, which creates the necessary pressure to “draw” air inside.

Household solutions

Compact air handling units are the optimal solution for an apartment or small office. They come in the following types:

They are mounted in a window or wall. Through small openings, valves deliver fresh air into the room. They either have a built-in coarse filter to remove insects and large contaminants, or there is no filtration at all. The air flow capacity of the valve is sufficient for no more than one person.

They are mounted into the wall and differ from wall supply valves by the presence of a fan and more efficient filters. Thanks to the fan, the performance of the device increases. Depending on the model, there may be an air heating function and remote control.

Three filters in the device purify the street air from large dust, allergens, and harmful gases. The performance of the breather can be enough for five people. Specialists install it using diamond drilling of the walls in just an hour.

The system will help you control your breather and other climate control equipment, schedule their operation and set the necessary settings directly from your smartphone. It also monitors air temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide levels.

Prices

Despite the differences between these three household solutions, they all have undeniable advantages:

The stuffiness will stop tormenting you; working or relaxing indoors will become much more pleasant.

Installation of supply ventilation takes from 10 minutes to an hour. You can enjoy fresh air almost immediately after purchasing the device.

For example, a ventilation valve can be bought for 600 rubles. A breather, of course, will cost more, but the cost of such a device with three-stage filtration still remains significantly cheaper than central ventilation.

By the way, there are also some on the market, but their performance and price still leave much to be desired. More details in another article on our blog.

Large-scale solution

In addition to domestic solutions, which are often used for apartments or small private houses, there is a global option - central supply ventilation. As a rule, during installation it is hidden behind a suspended ceiling. Its branched air ducts deliver air to all necessary rooms or areas of the room. Due to its impressive size, the central ventilation accommodates several filters, a heater and many other components.

Why is it not as popular as a supply valve or a breather? And here's the thing:

• For a long time. Installation of central supply ventilation requires a lot of space, so design and installation work takes a lot of time.
• Difficult. You won’t be able to install central ventilation on your own – you need the help of specialists.
• Expensive. Firstly, the ventilation system itself has a hefty price tag. Secondly, add to its cost the costs of design, installation, repair of the ceiling, maintenance of air ducts and filters - the amount will be at least five zeros. Such a purchase is really necessary, as a rule, only for large premises.

Number of people
in room

Thus, if you want to establish ventilation in a small bedroom, outside of which there is an environmentally friendly area, and in which only one person lives, then a supply valve is sufficient.

If the flow of fresh air needs to be organized in a spacious living room, where the whole family often gathers, or if the apartment or house is located in a polluted and gas-filled area, then one valve is not enough - the most optimal solution would be a compact supply ventilation system, that is, a breather.

But for ventilation of a large workshop or shopping center, of course, one breather is not enough - you need a complex system with many air ducts.

Equipment in this category is designed to create healthy atmosphere parameters in residential premises. The article discusses in detail the supply ventilation in an apartment with filtration. Here there is information about simple and ultra-modern technical solutions, homemade products, and current market offers. This information is sufficient to implement the project at a reasonable cost without errors.

Read in the article:

Why is ventilation needed in an apartment?

The previous photo, after carefully studying the real situation, looks like a person's reasonable equipment in the near future. You shouldn't hope for changes for the better with the advent of the era of electric vehicles. Fossil fuels are still burned to produce energy. A huge amount of harmful emissions accompanies the production of batteries. The sources of problems can be listed further. But the most unpleasant thing is the lack of precise strategies at the state and planetary level. Nowadays, you have to take care of maintaining livable conditions yourself.

Modern construction methods have certain disadvantages. A completely reasonable goal, improving insulation parameters, is taken to the point of absurdity. Perfectly sealed windows and walls do not allow any fresh air to pass through. In economical warm rooms without regular ventilation, the composition of the atmosphere does not meet sanitary standards.

For your information! It should be noted that some artificial materials and dyes are capable of polluting the air with unpleasant odors and hazardous substances during operation.

The above facts explain the need to use specialized equipment for forced ventilation in an apartment. Below are the exact answers to the questions asked.

Supply ventilation - what is it?

Related article:

In this publication we will look at the advantages and disadvantages of ventilation systems and what they are needed for. Nuances of independent design of local and central ventilation, recommendations from specialists.

The method is simple and intuitive. But it only allows you to find out the situation during control operations. To eliminate errors, you should install specialized devices for air intake from the street. The exceptions include cracked wooden frames, holes in the glass and giant cracks. Indirectly, good ventilation of the premises confirms the absence of crumbs, which nimble sparrows manage to peck off before cleaning.

In such conditions, you will have to pay excessively high heating bills. It is much smarter and cheaper to make modern, high-quality repairs. But we can confidently say that forced ventilation in an apartment with plastic windows is useful in most cases.

We'll leave the technical details for further discussion. This figure shows a schematic diagram of a functional system:

1. The blue arrow marks the inlet.
2. Red - fresh air supply. Pay attention to interior partitions that can create obstacles.
3. Green arrows indicate places where contaminants accumulate (bathroom, kitchen) and outlet channels.

Types of supply ventilation systems for apartments

The simplest designs

Such devices are installed at the order fulfillment stage. Manufacturers of window frames offer different options. Smooth adjustment and built-in filtration elements are used. But such solutions in supply ventilation are not universal. The devices are installed in a timely manner, taking into account the specific design features. It should be noted that the performance is low and there is no automatic adjustment.

Related article:

In the article we will consider in detail the types of structures, the principle of operation, how to choose a place for installation, how to properly install the device with your own hands, useful tips and recommendations from specialists.

This device is installed in the wall. There is a manual adjustment of the supply ventilation hole. The grille installed on the street side prevents the penetration of insects and large contaminants. The porous sponge retains small mechanical impurities. In some models, a special reed valve is installed to prevent air movement in the opposite direction.

There are modifications of supply ventilation with a bimetallic element. When the temperature changes, it activates the rod with the cap. This engineering solution allows you to change the size of the outlet hole automatically. Such designs did not become popular due to limited accuracy.

How does supply ventilation with air heating work?

It is reasonable to apply such solutions in domestic climatic conditions. The supply ventilation system must perform its functions all year round. Heating the incoming air prevents the room from overcooling and reduces the load on standard heating equipment.

Related article:

In the article we will consider in detail why a recuperator is needed, scope of application, advantages, types of system, the process of making a structure with your own hands and useful tips.

This special element is made of ceramic. It traps large mechanical particles. But the main function in this case is not filtration, but heat accumulation when the fan is turned on in the reverse direction. When air is forced into the room, heating occurs.

Complex air purification ventilation systems for apartments

The sets shown in the photo below are installed in suspended ceiling structures. Ventilation ducts, dampers, noise suppressors, filters and other equipment components are placed there.

The technical parameters of equipment in this category are selected taking into account real needs. Accurate engineering calculations will ensure good consumer characteristics and reasonable costs during operation. The supply ventilation unit supplies fresh air to the right places. The placement of output channels is organized in a similar way. With the help of sensors and automation, the maintenance of comfortable conditions in individual rooms is organized. Connection to a control system of the “Smart Home” category will ensure optimization of operation in combination with heating and air conditioning.

Below are the features of the individual components:

1. The air intake performs the usual functions. It is equipped with a visor and tilted blinds to prevent raindrops from getting inside. Next, a large mesh is installed to prevent the penetration of insects.
2. In the supply ventilation air duct channel, the walls are supplemented with insulation. This modernization protects the walls from freezing in winter.
3. The air valve only opens inward. It closes when the unit is turned off. In this position, heat loss is prevented.
4. The primary filter traps large particles.
5. An electric heater is used in winter. For automatic adjustment, control using temperature sensors is used.
6. An H11 class filter, as in this example of supply ventilation, traps the smallest dust particles, allergens, viruses and other microorganisms.
7. Next, a complex adsorption-catalytic unit is installed. It does not allow vehicle exhaust gases, harmful emissions from industrial enterprises, or fumes from forest fires to enter the room.
8. The fan provides the necessary speed of supply of purified air into the room.
9. The remote control displays operating settings and instrument readings taking into account certain equipment.
10. For control, a convenient remote control with an infrared communication channel is used (operates in a line of sight zone).

Expert opinion

HVAC design engineer (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) ASP North-West LLC

Ask a specialist

“ Adsorption and HEPA filters for apartment air cannot be cleaned of contaminants. They are regularly replaced with new analogues, taking into account the operating conditions.”

Comparison of an air conditioner with forced ventilation for an apartment

It is difficult to create ducted supply and exhaust ventilation with your own hands. Such a system is expensive, and is not at all suitable for standard ceiling heights. Therefore, we will further consider more affordable options, taking into account the possibility of self-installation. When comparing such technical solutions with air conditioning, several important nuances should be noted:

• typical split systems process only indoor air, but do not provide ventilation;
• they do not prevent the penetration of unpleasant, harmful and dangerous contaminants;
• Even specially equipped air conditioners do not work at low temperatures outside.

To connect parts, install drainage pipes and connect to the power supply network, it is necessary to create special channels in the walls. Next, finishing is done to hide the defects. The listed works involve significant expenditures of time and money.

How to create functional fresh air ventilation in an apartment with your own hands: algorithm of actions, important nuances

For these works you need a fairly powerful hammer drill and drills of the appropriate diameter. Cover the floor with plastic film and use bags to collect garbage (as in the photo). If you plan to install a simple forced ventilation kit in an apartment, the hole is located above the heating radiator. When turned on, it will heat the incoming air.

They use additional devices that allow them to perform the necessary work quickly and accurately. You can make the markings yourself and install the supply ventilation components in the apartment using the manufacturer’s official instructions. Suitable locations are determined taking into account the placement of electrical outlets of the 220V power supply network.

Review of supply ventilation in an apartment with Tion filtration: a modern solution to the problem

To better understand the potential capabilities of this manufacturer’s equipment, let’s note the features of the S3 model with the most advanced equipment:

1. Powerful fan with adjustable inflow 30−140 m³/hour.
2. Built-in heating element (1.45 kW).
3. Filters: HEPA G4 (washing, vacuum cleaning); HEPA H11 and catalytic adsorption (standard replacement mode - 1 time every 2 years and a year, respectively).
4. Noise in different modes: 19−47 dB.
5. IR remote control with built-in LCD display.
6. Recirculation mode to save energy.
7. Operating temperature range: -40°C to +50°C.

The manufacturer included MagicAir in the basic kit. This module controls temperature and humidity levels, carbon dioxide content. It ensures coordinated actions of the Tion supply ventilation and the room air conditioner. Bluetooth wireless communication channel is used to transmit commands and receive information. A specialized application can be installed on a smartphone or other mobile gadget.

What is a suitable air filter for an apartment: determining the criteria for the right choice

Before studying specific market offers, you need to establish the parameters of the necessary equipment. An accurate calculation of supply and exhaust ventilation for an apartment can be done using specialized programs that manufacturers, trade and service enterprises post on their websites. Complex calculators use additional data, taking into account the number of bathrooms and the type of hob.

For independent calculations, use the standard of 3 m³ of fresh air per hour for each square meter of area. It is used taking into account the constant presence of one person in a relatively small living space (up to 20 m²). They increase the productivity of supply ventilation in the presence of a fireplace.

Premises/Equipment Features	Air exchange rate per hour/Inflow, m³/hour	Room operation mode, notes
Living room, bedroom, other rooms in the living area	0,35/30	Constant presence of one person
Kitchen/ Electric stove	−/60	In maximum use mode, the inflow is increased to 180 m³/hour
Kitchen/ Gas stove	−/90	Calculation for 4 burners. As in the previous paragraph, plan the possibility of increasing the productivity of supply ventilation
Toilets, bathroom/Separate rooms	−/25	Maximum – up to 90 m³
Combined bathroom	−/50	Maximum – up to 120 m³
Dressing room, pantry	1/−	Adjusted taking into account the characteristics of the optimal storage mode

Article

Many homeowners associate ventilation systems with exhaust grilles and vertical shafts running through the roof. It’s true that these elements remove exhaust air, but without an influx from outside, the hood works ineffectively. For complete air exchange, supply ventilation is needed to compensate for the outgoing air masses. The problem is solved in several ways, discussed below.

Options for organizing inflow

We will explain the importance of fresh air ventilation with an example. Imagine a sealed container of water being pumped out by a pump. Since the vacated volume is not filled with air, the pressure in the tank drops. At a certain point, the pump will not have enough power to overcome the vacuum and pump out further - the impeller will begin to mix the water in place.

Key moment. When indoor air exchange, a similar principle applies - natural or forced exhaust will not be able to effectively remove polluted air if replacement with an influx is not provided.

Without normal inflow, a more powerful hood creates a reverse draft effect (overturning) in a ventilation duct of a smaller cross-section

After installing sealed plastic windows and filling the supply gap previously located under the window sill, the entry of air masses from outside is excluded. Consequences: a fan or ventilation duct of a larger cross-section (usually in the kitchen) upsets the draft in a smaller shaft (toilet), from where an unpleasant odor enters the apartment. The living room, bedroom and other rooms are left without ventilation at all.

There are several ways to make complete supply and exhaust ventilation of a private home:

• folk method - trimming window seals;
• buy an air conditioner with the function of supplying outside air;
• install an adjustable air valve into the plastic window;
• make a hole in the wall and install a local air supply device.

Advice. The performance of a natural home hood can be checked as follows: remove the ventilation grilles in the kitchen and bathroom, attach 2-3 strips of paper over the first opening, seal the second one tightly with A4 sheet and tape. If the strips are drawn into the channel, it means that air is entering the apartment - the draft is working.

Diagram of a one-story house with possible options for air supply devices

Let's consider the pros and cons of each of the listed methods. The task is to offer you the correct and relatively inexpensive way to organize the influx.

The simplest free method

The essence of the method is to use existing drainage holes in the window profile, designed to drain condensate outside. Two hidden holes where the water goes are located on the inside of the frame, the outlets are on the outside of the profile and are closed with plugs, as shown in the photo.

One condition: the method will not work if there is poor traction in the vertical channel. Start by checking the hood and...

The idea of ​​home craftsmen allows you to quickly organize supply ventilation with your own hands without financial costs:

The operation of this ventilation is based on the following scheme: under the influence of the draft of the ventilation duct, outside air is sucked through the drainage hole, passes inside the profile and enters the gap between the sash and the frame. Having risen to the upper part, the air flow enters the room through the opening in the seal.

In winter, heating of the cold inflow begins in the window structure and ends at the outlet, when the air mixes with the ascending convective flow coming from. A supply gap is made in a similar way in a plastic balcony door, but with additional trimming of the outer rubber, as shown in the video:

The advantage of this option is zero cost and a real opportunity to ventilate the apartment with the window closed. There are many more disadvantages:

• the air flow cannot be adjusted; strong wind will blow through the gap;
• in summer, unfriendly insects, such as wasps, can settle in open drainage;
• during the warm period, when natural draft decreases due to a small temperature difference, small holes will not allow the required amount of air to pass through.

The last disadvantage: removing part of the rubber seal is only possible on opening sashes. Drilling into blind windows is not an option. Therefore, the method cannot be called correct and cannot be recommended to all homeowners.

Split systems with ventilation function

In addition to heating/cooling modes, household air conditioners from a number of manufacturers are capable of supplying outside air to the room and even operating as an exhaust hood (alternating with the supply air). Why this option is convenient:

• renewal of the air environment in the room occurs forcibly, regardless of the traction force in the shaft;
• the air drawn in by the fan is processed - filtered and heated or cooled;
• flow intensity is adjustable;
• the volume of inflow does not depend on gusts of wind and other weather conditions.

Operating diagram of the indoor unit of the air conditioner

Reference. The air mixture is sucked in by a separate fan located in the internal block of the split system. An additional pipe is laid through the outer wall - an air duct up to 1 m long.

The main problem with the implementation of such air exchange is the high price of the equipment. Buy an air conditioner for each room for 500-600 USD. That is, for the sake of fresh ventilation - it is inappropriate; there are cheaper options. But if you plan to install a split system for cooling, you should think about choosing a unit with air supply and recirculation.

We formed the negative aspects of using an air conditioner as an air supply unit based on reviews from online store customers and forum visitors:

1. The inflow is carried out only when the unit is turned on; the rest of the time the outer channel is covered with a damper.
2. A separate fan, responsible for supplying fresh air mixture, is constantly noisy.
3. Due to rapid contamination, you will have to clean the filters more often.
4. On some models, ventilation and air conditioning modes are incompatible. Air supply and heating are switched on separately.

Note. It will help you to correctly install a split system in a private house or apartment.

Installing a supply valve in a window

The so-called window ventilator is an oblong plastic cover equipped with an adjustable flap. There are 2 types of valves:

1. Mounted on fixed windows. A through inlet slot is milled into the profile, a protective canopy is screwed on the outside, and a cover with a flow regulator is screwed on the inside.
2. Products for opening sashes. They are installed on the inside of the frame, part of the sealing rubber is replaced with a special material. There is no need to mill the window.

Valve operating diagrams: for opening (left) and closed valves (right)

Reference. The valves allow you to set up work and are designed for all types of translucent structures - PVC, aluminum and wood. Popular brands are Vents, Air-Box and Aereco, price – up to 10 USD. e.

It is advisable to use supply window devices in rooms with good exhaust, otherwise the air supply will be scanty. The declared performance of the valves is about 30 m³/h, which is enough for one person, but not enough for normal ventilation of living rooms.

For the boiler room and bathroom, where the standards provide for more intense air exchange, you will need 3-4 similar products; it is easier to embed the flow grille into the door. Another nuance: the real performance of devices is very different from the declared one.

Calculating the inflow is easy - find out the dimensions of the inlet slot and determine the amount of air passing through it, using the instructions. The result will be less than the promised 30 m³/h (let’s say: no more than 25 cubic meters at a speed of 1 m/s). For 3 family members you will need 4 valves in each room, absurd.

How to install a supply valve on a leaf:

It is more difficult to install a valve in a solid frame - you need to carefully cut a narrow opening in the profile. If you don’t want to contact craftsmen and pay money, make the gap yourself - apply precise markings and drill holes. The visor and inner cover are installed without problems. Brief instructions for installing the product on the sash are presented in the video:

In general, window ventilators are suitable for a small apartment. But in the rooms of a country cottage with high ceilings, the declared performance is not enough. The second negative point: often the PVC window frame is half covered by the upper slope, leaving no room for the valve. Then another technical solution called...

Wall ventilation device

A passive ventilation valve mounted inside a wall consists of the following elements:

• supply pipe with a diameter of 60-150 mm (size depends on the model and performance of the device);
• the outer end of the pipe is covered with a mosquito net and a ventilation grille;
• an adjustment valve is built in at the other end;
• From the side of the room, the pipe is connected to the housing, where an air filter (cleaning class G3) and a heat-insulating gasket are placed.

Note. To prevent condensation from forming inside the channel, a layer of insulation is laid between the wall and the pipe.

As in the previous case, the inflow through the valve is ensured by the vacuum created by exhaust shafts or fans. The products are capable of transmitting 35-60 m³/h of air into the room, depending on the user settings. When you turn on a local hood with a mechanical drive, for example, a kitchen one, the inflow flow will also increase to 70-90 m³/h.

In devices of various brands, there are 2 types of performance regulators - petal and diaphragm, the second will be cheaper. If necessary, any damper can be completely closed. The price of products starts from 15 USD. That is, popular manufacturers - “Vents”, “Domovent”, Helios and others.

How to install the valve:

1. Determine the location of the ventilation element. The recommendation is as follows: it is better to place low-capacity devices with a Ø60 mm pipe between the window sill and the heating radiator. Place valves with a diameter of more than 10 cm next to the window opening at a height of 2 m from the floor.
   
2. Make a through hole in the wall using a hammer drill and a set of drills of suitable length. In a frame or wooden house, use core drills. If the room borders on a balcony, it is better to drill from the outside.
   
3. Cut the pipe to the thickness of the fence, wrap it with Penofol insulation and insert it tightly into the hole. Fill the remaining cracks with foam.
4. From the inside, attach the valve body to the wall, connecting it to the pipe. Place a ventilation grill outside.
   

Advice. Make the hole as round as possible, guided by the outer diameter of the channel wrapped in insulation. Vents products are equipped with telescopic sliding pipes; there is no need to cut them. For installation details, watch the video:

The scope of application of passive inflow devices is much wider than ventilation in an apartment or country cottage. Valves can provide air exchange in other ancillary buildings - bathhouse, boiler room, etc.

There are only two disadvantages: lack of heating of cold air and manual adjustment during operation. In summer the damper opens fully, in winter it is set to minimum. Advantages:

• the valve is suitable for most ordinary users in terms of price and performance;
• incoming air is cleaned by a filter;
• the device does not freeze or become covered with condensation, frost appears on the head in frost below minus 35 °C;
• does not consume electricity, operating costs are minimal.

The heads of the ventilation elements look quite aesthetically pleasing

Breezers and recuperators

The problem with supplying cold air, typical for wall dampers, has been solved in breathers - local air supply units equipped with a fan and an electric heating element. Advantages of the unit:

• three stages of influent purification - in a coarse, fine and sorption (carbon) filter;
• heating the air to the set temperature;
• automatic and manual control of fan performance;
• air quality monitoring – measuring humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration;
• partial recirculation - return of room air after filtration - allows you to save energy;
• remote control from a remote control or smartphone.

Let us note 3 disadvantages of the unit: operating costs for electricity, high cost of the breather and its repair in case of failure. There is no point in describing the installation technology - the household appliance is built into the wall in the same way as a valve.

Breather device - local air supply unit

Reference. With the help of breathers it is convenient and comfortable to ventilate any living space. But it is difficult to call the units generally available - the price of products from the famous Tion brand starts from 300 USD. e.

A wall recuperator, a supply and exhaust unit capable of removing heat from the exhaust air, will cost even more. There are 3 types of installations, differing in cost and principle of operation:

1. Reversible (sellers call them regenerative). The operating algorithm is simple: first, the exhaust air heats the ceramic heat accumulator, then the only fan changes the flow direction and the element releases the accumulated heat to the influent. The cycle is repeated at intervals of about 1 minute.
2. Rotary. There are 2 fans constantly running here - supply and exhaust. Both streams pass through a rotating rotary heat exchanger, exchanging heat.
3. Cross flow. The exhaust air transfers heat to the supply air through the thin walls of an aluminum or copper heat exchanger. The fans direct the flow towards each other, as shown in the diagram.

The most effective recovery option is in a cross heat exchanger, which allows you to return about 70% of the thermal energy back into the room. The efficiency of the rotary unit is slightly less - about 5%. The actual heat transfer rates in reversible units are unknown, and sellers, as usual, overestimate the efficiency of these recuperators.

Conclusion

So, full supply ventilation in apartments and private houses can be organized using valves and forced ventilation units. Recuperators and breathers are quite effective, but they are expensive, and window valves supply little air. A compromise solution is a natural ventilation supply unit mounted in the apartment wall.

Until recently, we did not think about the quality of the air in our apartments, relying on the fact that periodic ventilation and installation were sufficient. Today, the creation of additional systems is becoming a necessity. This is understood not only by owners of apartments and private houses, but also by manufacturers who offer effective ones. How not to get confused when choosing and what will be most useful for creating a favorable indoor microclimate? in an apartment with filtration to supply fresh air - this is the most optimal solution, which, if desired, can be supplemented with a variety of useful options.

The principle of operation of supply ventilation

Read in the article

Why do we need supply ventilation with filtration in an apartment?

During renovation work, first of all, they pay attention to the design, select finishing materials, and analyze their combination. Few people think about microclimate. And in vain. Modern materials are of high quality in terms of environmental friendliness, have excellent energy saving indicators,. But many of them have low breathability. Not everyone pays attention to this.

If we take an ordinary average apartment and analyze the materials, we see:

• – reinforced concrete;
• external walls with an adhesive-based layer;
• silicate;
• – multi-chamber double-glazed windows with sealing;
• metal with sealing rubber.

An ordinary apartment is quite airtight. Naturally, without ventilation, practically no fresh air flows into the apartment. In addition, laminated, tiled, etc. are often chosen for finishing. This increases breathability.

Lack of fresh air affects health. These are sleep disturbances, headaches, decreased immunity, frequent colds, and oncology. Natural ventilation solves the problem of air exchange only temporarily. The most effective and comfortable thing is to install forced ventilation in the apartment.

Forced ventilation - what is it?

Supply and exhaust ventilation ensures the most comfortable microclimate in the room. Its main advantages include:

• all elements are made from environmentally friendly materials;
• before being supplied to the room, the air masses undergo preliminary cleaning;
• Additionally, the device can be equipped with a system for humidification, disinfection, and ionization of air flows;
• When installed correctly, the system is absolutely safe;
• long service life;
• Possibility of self-installation, which significantly reduces costs.

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“The supply ventilation system can be equipped with a rotary or plate type recuperator (heat exchanger).

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Helps ensure adequate access to fresh air. This article discusses the principles of operation, factory models, technology for manufacturing and installing equipment in-house.

The principle of operation of supply ventilation

The installation of supply and exhaust ventilation in an apartment building or private building involves the preliminary installation of ventilation ducts through which air masses enter the room. can be installed outdoors. With its help, fresh air enters the house.

If necessary, it is installed in the room to heat outside air. The level of heating or cooling depends on the manufacturer.

The operating principle of the system is as follows:

1. Air is pumped into the apartment by a ventilation unit.
2. In the room, due to the pressure difference, contaminated masses come out through exhaust ducts.

Despite the fact that in apartment buildings ventilation ducts are installed during construction, if necessary, an individual ventilation system for an apartment can be installed independently.

Main types of supply ventilation

Ventilation is considered optimal, with the help of which the air volume completely changes within 2 hours. This is only possible with the help of an air supply system. The work of supply and exhaust ventilation for an apartment is divided into 2 stages:

• the supply system forcibly supplies air masses from the street, cleans them, and, if necessary, heats them;
• the exhaust system removes polluted air.

Supply and exhaust ventilation combines these two processes. As a result, the indoor microclimate becomes comfortable and balanced.

Basic elements of supply and exhaust ventilation for an apartment

A forced ventilation device in an apartment with plastic windows includes the following components, equipment and elements:

1. Air intake unit. It includes a bell, adjustments and a grille.
2. Filtration system.
3. Air flow heating unit.
4. Supply system It consists of pipes that are connected into a socket, through which the masses are supplied to the room. Additionally, a filtration system, including a noise-absorbing one, can be installed.
5. A recuperator can be installed.
6. Exhaust ventilation ducts for removing contaminated masses from the room. They are mounted in walls or on the ceiling.
7. , creating pressure and vacuum in the channels.
8. The control system adjusts the characteristics of the air exchange process.

You should know this! The temperature of the air masses entering the room should not be lower than +18°C, and therefore the supply and exhaust system is most often installed with heating.

Types of supply ventilation systems for apartments

The supply and ventilation unit can be classified according to the following criteria:

• ducted and ductless. In the first, air masses are supplied through, in the second - through inlet openings;
• prefabricated and monoblock. The first ones consist of separate parts. The design of the latter includes a filter, an air duct system, an air heater, and control elements.

Supply systems can also be divided according to the ventilation method:

• local− influx to a certain place;
• complex– the supply system operates evenly over the entire area;
• emergency or smoke control– triggered when there is increased smoke during a fire.

Supply ventilation with air heating

Continuous heating of air flows occurs thanks to a heat exchanger -. This is necessary to create a comfortable microclimate in the cool and winter seasons. The operating principle is as follows: the heat exchanger passes air flows without mixing them with the masses that are removed from the room. In other words, the incoming and outgoing flows are distributed through different channels, which are located close to each other, due to which heat exchange occurs between them.

The second heating option is using a heat pump operating in a heat pump mode or a heater. In such a system, exhaust air masses are mixed with supply air, purified, heated to a set temperature and supplied to the room.

Air conditioner with forced ventilation for an apartment

This type of installation is the most expensive. It provides an additional filtration system, installation of a compressor, condenser and evaporator. It includes both ventilation of air masses and cooling /.

The most expensive ones have automatic control. The sensors independently monitor the air condition, compare it with the specified parameters and turn on the required mode.

Air purification system for an apartment

When choosing the optimal and effective cleaning system for an air handling unit for an apartment, several factors are taken into account:

• the performance of the ventilation unit, with the help of which air masses must be replaced once or twice over a certain period;
• the noise level in the installation should not exceed permissible sanitary standards;
• maintenance and maintainability.

For small city apartments, you can opt for small systems. They are inexpensive and their installation is usually not difficult. The equipment is compact and can be placed on a balcony, in a room under a window, on a wall or under the ceiling. Such units operate with little noise and serve an area of ​​up to 50 sq.m. Additionally, they can be equipped with an air mass heating function.

Full-fledged systems should be purchased for private houses or larger apartments. They are equipped with additional options: climate control, continuous air exchange, air quality monitoring.

Choosing an air filter for an apartment

The cleaning system is equipped with filters. Depending on the specified characteristics, they are classified into the following types:

Photo	Description	Degree of purification
	G3-G4 - coarse cleaning. They use synthetic fabric or metal mesh.	Up to 10 microns
	F5-F9 – fine filtration, made of fiberglass.	Up to 1 micron
	HEPA filters.	Up to 0.1 µm

Air filters for apartments protect the ventilation system from contaminants, thereby extending the life of the installation; a minimum amount of dust and contaminants penetrates into the room, which contributes to a more favorable microclimate. Their installation should be planned at the design stage.

Filters for supply ventilation in an apartment can be classified into the following types:

• mechanical– provide double protection: they clean the air and supply and exhaust ventilation from external contaminants. They trap large particles, fur and dust;
• roll− they are made of polyester. Filters from different manufacturers may vary in thickness;
• cellular– can be corrugated in the form of a cassette or bag (pocket). The first ones are installed in almost all ventilation systems. Pocket ones are used after coarse filters. They are able to capture dust deposits;
• electrostatic– traps oil deposits. They require periodic cleaning;
• panel– made in the form of a frame with a mesh on which the filter fabric is attached.

Fighting bacterial air pollution

Medium and coarse filters are not suitable for combating bacterial contamination. An air ionizer is designed for these purposes. With its help, not only is it capable of destroying bacteria and viruses. The ionizer does not work separately, but in conjunction with the ventilation system.

The joint operation of the units efficiently and effectively destroys various types of air flow contaminants, extending the service life of the supply and exhaust ventilation.

The main nuances of installing supply ventilation in an apartment with your own hands

The ventilation system can be made in different ways: from the balcony, on the floor or from the outside of the building. The easiest way is to mount it under the ceiling. The work is carried out after rough finishing. You can choose a monoblock design or a system consisting of stacked elements.

Monoblock supply and exhaust ventilation is easier to install with your own hands. All components are assembled in one block, which is equipped with good sound insulation, and it is also compact. You can choose an installation with a recuperator and an air mass humidifier.