home » Fruits and berries » Heating scheme in private. Do-it-yourself heating of a private house - tips on choosing the type of system and type of boiler. By location of risers

Heating scheme in private. Do-it-yourself heating of a private house - tips on choosing the type of system and type of boiler. By location of risers

This is a very important question. If there is an error in choosing a heating system the rooms will be cold, or expenses for heating will be completely unbearable.

DIY heating connection diagrams for a private house

Exists several types heating systems for a private home that you can do yourself.

Single pipe systems

Key element - boiler. In it, the coolant is heated, passes through the heating system and returns back to the boiler, where the water is heated again.

Serves as a cold water intake pipe second part of the system. The entire system is circular and closed in a continuous cycle.

Single-pipe systems are:

Closed- does not communicate with the surrounding air, and if there is excess pressure inside, excess air is removed manually. The volume of liquid in the system is constant.
Open- have a leaky expansion tank into which excess air is forced out. Pipes passing through the house are located above heating devices (to displace air into the container).

It comes out of the water heating boiler one pipe and, sequentially running around all the radiators, returns back.

low cost;
the flow of water is directed at will;
ease of installation;
the system can be mounted under the wall or under the floor;
use of any boiler(solid fuel, gas, electric);
All elements of the system are connected to the distribution pipe.

High cost.
The water temperature decreases from one battery to another, and if there are many radiators connected, then the last one is already cold. To heat all the rooms, the heating temperature must be greatly increased, which entails additional costs.
Running coolant requires high pressure, for which an additional pump is installed.
High system pressure causes wear(a large number of leaks occur).
A system that It has not been used for a long time and is difficult to start.
Without installing the proper slope, air plugs may occur in the chain., which makes heat transfer difficult.
It is not possible to repair a single link without shutting down the entire system.

Horizontal

The principle of operation is circulation through a closed horizontal coolant circuit, which enters and exits the same boiler.

Photo 1. Horizontal single-pipe heating system with a main pipe from which wiring goes to the batteries.

From the heating boiler, the main pipe is laid horizontally (on the floor or under the floor), from which branches are made to the radiators. If the house is two-story, then on the first floor a riser cuts into the main pipe to supply water to the second floor.

Attention! The main pipe is being laid on a slight slope(with natural coolant circulation), while the batteries must be installed at the same level.

If the structure is mounted on the floor, then the pipes are insulated so that there is no excess heat transfer.

ease of installation;
cheapness;
if the system is equipped with bypasses, then the difference in temperature is small;
dismantling one battery does not require shutting down the entire system;
the coolant circulation will be quite fast.

temperature adjustment on individual radiators is not possible;
when repairing one link, the entire system must be stopped;
The difference in temperature between the first and last radiator is very large.

The connection can be:

Flow-through(severe heat loss, not recommended for small rooms).
With bypasses(the bypass diameter should be smaller than that of the main pipe. Part of the water goes to the radiator, the rest moves further through the system).
Nizhny(possibly with forced passage of liquid).
Diagonal(better for heat transfer).

Important! If the system is mounted for a two-story house, then the equipment must include a pump for forced circulation of liquid.

Vertical

All batteries in parallel connected to vertical risers. It is advisable to install this system in buildings with more than two storeys. The heated coolant flows from top to bottom.

The heated coolant supply from the boiler goes to the top of the tank and from there it diverges along the conductive line to the radiators. The cooled liquid is returned to the boiler.

ease of installation;
uniform heat distribution;
when renovating one floor, it is not necessary to turn off the other;
good natural current.

high pipe consumption;
heating large rooms is difficult.

Installation nuances:

The presence of an expansion tank is mandatory here. Installed at the peak point (attic).
It is advisable to install one Mayevsky crane on the floor.
The main pipe is laid with a slight slope.

Only metal pipes can be attached to the boiler.

Project of the Leningradka scheme

The heated coolant leaves the heating boiler, sequentially passes through all connected heating devices and returns back.

"Leningradka" can be:

vertical;
horizontal;
with top or bottom wiring.

The main pipe is being laid along the outer walls of the building, encircling it around the perimeter. All heating devices, including heated floors, are connected to this pipe. Allowed into the system inset of modern elements(pump, thermostatic valves, bypasses, etc.).

Photo 2. Diagram of the Leningradka heating system with a circulation pump, four radiators and an expansion tank.

possibility of connecting several heating boilers;
low cost;
low pipe consumption.

use of large diameter pipes so that the entire system works efficiently;
Air locks often form in the system;
to the system You can connect heated floors or a heated towel rail, but the power is not enough for full operation.

When assembling the system, the following points must be taken into account:

If the main pipe is laid below floor level, then In addition, thermal insulation must be used to avoid overheating of the floor.
The main pipe is pulled with a slight slope.
The expansion tank must be installed close to the boiler.
The pump can only be installed after the expansion tank along the flow of the coolant.
Installation heating carried out before any finishing work begins.
Radiators are located only on one level.

Important! Due to excessive airing of the chain, use Mayevsky cranes Necessarily.

During installation, sudden changes in height must be avoided, since in this case, traffic jams are guaranteed.

Two-pipe with bottom wiring

The main difference between this system and a single-pipe system is the number of pipes: hot water is supplied through one, and cold water is discharged through the other.

Both pipes(both feeding and collecting) are located below under the batteries. The hot coolant pipe is laid above the return pipe. The liquid moves through the system from bottom to top.

Exists two connection methods batteries:

ray— each radiator is connected to the main pipe by separate connections;
consistent.

The system can be installed with:

passing contour(liquid in both pipes moves in the same direction);
dead end(coolant moves in different directions);
one;
several.

autonomy of floor heating;
possibility of operation until the construction of the house is stopped;
low heat loss due to installation features;
the central unit can be placed in the basement.

airiness systems - air bleeding must be carried out daily;
when installing an overhead line system becomes unnecessarily bulky;
high consumption of materials(especially for radial connection);
adjustment should be carried out before the onset of cold weather;
low pressure in the supply coolant.

When laying the chain, the following points must be taken into account:

Radiators are additionally equipped with Mayevsky taps to remove air from the system (air vents can be installed).
If the system is installed in a multi-story building, then laying an overhead line, through which excess air is discharged into the expansion tank.
If the main pipe ends up near the front door during installation, it can be divided into 2 elbows.

Two-pipe with top wiring

This system is good in houses with several floors. The heated coolant under pressure goes from bottom to top into the tank, and from there through the supply pipe to the radiators. A system with top supply is always vertical; heating radiators are mounted parallel to vertical risers.

The supply pipe runs through the attic or tech. floor, and the return pipe - in the basement or below floor level on the first floor.

Photo 3. The diagram of a two-pipe heating system with overhead wiring is suitable for private houses with two or more floors.

ease of installation;
low heat loss;
airiness does not occur;
excellent natural circulation.

it will not be possible to install a large number of radiators;
high consumption of components;
does not heat a large area.

The chain is mounted taking into account three points:

mandatory installation of an expansion tank at the top point of the supply pipe;
if the coolant flow is natural, then a slight slope is taken into account when laying both pipes;
the supply pipe goes to the batteries through the expansion tank.

Beam system with collectors

A collector is connected to the heating boiler - single thermal unit, from which each radiator in the room has its own branch. The collector is:

simple;
improved(with automatic temperature control).

This option is suitable for a two-story house. Departs from the collector from two to twelve knots- depending on the number of radiators in the house. If necessary, the number of layers is increased.

To the collector "comb" you can connect a pump- for forced circulation of liquid. And hide the structure itself in a closet so as not to spoil the aesthetics of the house.

durability;
ease of repair(no need to disconnect the entire circuit);
temperature adjustment;
uniform temperature in all rooms.

price.

Reference! To somehow reduce the cost of pipes, it is better to install a manifold cabinet in the central part of the house.

Installation nuances:

Typically, this system uses metal-plastic pipes. When installing into the floor, it is recommended to wrap each pipe in insulation so as not to injure it on the concrete during expansion.
Recommended diameter is 16 mm.
Do not route pipes through doorways- otherwise the pipe may be damaged when drilling.
When laying through walls, it is recommended to install them in cartridges.

With forced circulation

The built-in pump ensures rapid circulation of liquid in the system, which reduces heat loss along the path.

Increased speed prevents mixing of hot and cold water - the temperature in all rooms is equal.

By adjusting the flow rate of the coolant, the temperature in the room is controlled.

According to the project, a pump is built into the forced circulation system to accelerate the coolant.

comfortable operation;
possibility of choosing a mounted circuit(collector, one-, two-pipe);
heating adjustment;
increasing the service life of components;
installation of pipes of smaller cross-section.

pumping system increases initial installation costs;
noise from a running pump;
additional electricity costs.

Installation nuances:

Place of installation of the pump group depends on the method of pipe routing. Thanks to the artificial pressure inside the system, the slope is not installed.

With natural circulation

The liquid in the system, heating up, rises and goes into the radiators, where the coolant cools. The cold liquid sinks down. Pressure depends from the temperature difference. The cycle is closed.

The boiler is installed below the level of the radiators.
Branch pipes are smaller in diameter than the main pipe.
A diagonal connection would be correct., in which hot water enters the radiator from above.
To improve fluid circulation a slight slope is provided.

Install an expansion tank: if there is excess pressure, some of the liquid will flow into it, and if it falls, it will return back into the system.

low cost;
Possibility of installation of one- or two-pipe systems to choose from;
easy repairs;
does not clutter up the space;
reliability;
long service life.

Available only in single-pipe natural circulation systems:

Uneven heat distribution: in rooms located closer to the boiler it is hot, in rooms further away it is cold.
Additional expenses: To increase the temperature in cool rooms, batteries are built up or powerful radiators are installed.
Increased fuel consumption(compared to pump type).

Installation nuances:

Overheating protection is built into the circuit to prevent airing.
Each radiator is equipped with a bypass, a thermostat and a Mayevsky tap.

In natural circulation circuits, only water is used (due to its density, antifreeze is not suitable).

Useful video

Watch a video review of a two-pipe heating system, connection options, pros and cons.

Readers.

The climatic conditions of central and northern Eurasia require thermal insulation of houses, but insulation alone is not enough. Heat losses must be compensated using a heating system. Water heating in a private home is a common and most effective method.

The quality of operation of the heating circuit directly depends on the design features, choice of heating device and type of wiring. You will learn how to decide on the equipment and the most suitable scheme by reading the article we propose. The information presented is based on the requirements of building regulations.

We described in detail the design principle of a water heating system and examined typical device options. To optimize the perception of a difficult topic, we included diagrams, photo selections and videos.

Heating structures with liquid coolant have a similar set of component parts, these are:

heating equipment– boiler (gas, liquid or solid fuel), stove, fireplace.
Closed loop in the form of a pipeline, ensuring continuous circulation of heated and cooled coolant (antifreeze).
Heating devices– metal finned, panel or smooth-tube radiators, convectors, pipelines for water-heated floors.
Shut-off valves necessary to disconnect individual devices or lines of the system for repair and maintenance;
devices for adjusting and monitoring the operation of the system (expansion tank, pressure gauge, relief valves, etc.).
Circulation pumps, used to create a forced supply of coolant, sometimes a booster pump is installed to ensure stable pressure in the system.

If there is a centralized gas main nearby, the most economical solution is to install a gas boiler.

In the absence of central networks for an independent gas supply system, a gas holder will have to be installed. However, this option is applicable only in the case of arranging an estate of a sufficiently large area.

Image gallery

open, used for both pumping and natural forced systems, should be installed above the main riser;
closed membrane devices, used exclusively in forced systems, are installed on the return line in front of the boiler.

Expansion tanks are designed to compensate for the thermal expansion of the liquid when heated. They are needed to dump excess into the sewer or simply onto the street, as is the case with the simplest open options. Closed capsules are more practical because they do not require human participation in adjusting the pressure of the system, but they are more expensive.

The heating system of a private house has a valuable advantage - it is independent from public utilities. When building a house, you can choose your own heating device for living in comfortable conditions. Moreover, such systems are often installed with their own hands. This process should occur in stages:
1. The choice of heating system is made.
2. The necessary elements are selected.
3. Calculations are performed.
4. A heating scheme and project are being developed.
5. Documentation is drawn up.
6. Installation work is being carried out.
7. Test run is performed.
The most popular way to heat a home is a water heating system.

Steam heating is prohibited for use in residential buildings. It is mainly used for large warehouse-type premises. Electric heating is also used.

Heating system of a private house

What type of fuel should I choose?

When choosing fuel, traditional options are considered.
1. Gas is a popular fuel and affordable. With a high-quality approach, all heating processes are automated.
2. You can use solid fuel if there is no gas pipeline. The choice is made between pellets, coal and firewood. The disadvantages of this type of fuel include the inability to automate the system.
3. The use of electricity is convenient and simple. The disadvantage of fuel is its high cost.
4. Liquid fuel is used. This can be fuel oil or diesel fuel. This method is characterized by efficiency and high efficiency.

The choice is influenced by the calculation of the costs of further operation of the heating system, as well as the proximity of the necessary raw materials.

Types of solid fuel

Design and features of water heating

When installing a heating system in a house, the design and characteristics of water heating deserve special attention.

Coolant flow diagram

Depending on the type of coolant movement, gravitational and circulation systems are distinguished:
1. In a gravity system, liquid moves up and through the pipes as the boiler heats up, and returns back when it cools. This system is characterized by energy independence. There are disadvantages to this method of device:
it is impossible to perform precise adjustment of heat transfer using instruments;
pipes are selected with a large diameter and installed with an inclination to the side;
the expansion tank must be open.

2. The movement of liquid in the circulation system is carried out by a pump. The undoubted advantages are the ability to control heat transfer and the use of small diameter pipes.

natural circulation flow diagram

Which heating system to choose?

When installing a heating system, it is important to properly decouple the pipes. There are the following schemes for heating a private house:
1. A single-pipe system is a specific pipeline to which batteries are connected in series. This is a good way to heat a one-story house. It is worth considering that the coolant enters the last battery cooled.
2. The two-pipe circuit is distinguished by its efficiency. In this case, the coolant moves through two lines. This affects the increase in pipe flow, but creates an optimization of the heating system. The system is used both for space heating and for heating tap water.
3. The collector system is equipped with a central riser, to which collectors are connected on all floors. In this case, the collector distributes the existing coolant into separate batteries. The system is configured with high precision. The disadvantages include high pipe consumption.

Two-pipe system in a private house

Electric heating

The electric heating system is also safe. It is possible to control the temperature in each room.
This method is used when it is not possible to connect to a gas pipeline.
For heating, a special boiler, electric convectors, film heating circuits or special thermal panels are used.

What elements will be needed for installation?
Before installation work, the components of the heating circuit are purchased.

Boiler
The boiler determines the functioning of the entire system. This unit creates the necessary heat and transfers it to the coolant, which moves it to the batteries.
Any heating devices are equipped with two chambers. Fuel burns in the first chamber. This is the combustion chamber. And the coolant comes out of the other chamber (heat exchanger).

There are also devices:
single-circuit;
double-circuit.
The latter are also a device for heating water.

Depending on the fuel used, heating units are divided into the following types:
1. Electric models are used in areas where there is no gas. They depend on power outages and are characterized by high costs.
2. The most popular is a gas boiler. It is economical and easy to use.
3. Liquid fuel units are not often used. They require a separate room, as they emit a smell when burned.
4. Solid fuel models are popular in areas where there is no gas pipeline. Requires systematic loading of fuel raw materials.

Advice! It is recommended to use boilers with two heating options. For example, a gas unit or an electric one with a solid fuel burner. This will help in case of power outages or gas problems.

Types of boilers for a private home

Pipes
When choosing pipes, the following options are considered:
1. Steel ones are practically not used. They are characterized by a short service life and complexity of installation.
2. Metal-plastic structures are easy to install, but they require careful selection of suitable components.
3. Polypropylene pipes are installed using a soldering iron and therefore provide good sealing.
4. The disadvantage of copper products is their high cost. Otherwise, this is the best option, which is characterized by durability, reliability and hygiene.

Advice! In a private home, it is better to use structures made of polypropylene or copper.

Wiring made of polypropylene pipes

Radiators
Radiators are selected from the following types:
1. Closed systems use steel structures. When exposed to air, steel oxidizes.
2. Aluminum radiators are often used in private homes. They are characterized by high-quality heat transfer and fast heating, but are not suitable for heavy loads.
3. Bimetallic consists of two metals. The coolant moves through a steel pipe, and aluminum fins provide good heat transfer.
4. Cast iron models are considered reliable and durable.

Important! It is necessary to count sections for the heating system. 1 square meter requires 100 watts of power. The area of the room is multiplied by 100. Then the figure is divided by the heat transfer value of one section, which is indicated in the passport. This way, the number of sections per room is determined.

DIY radiator installation

Heating installation

Before installation work, auxiliary parts are purchased: gaskets, nipples or brackets. During installation, the elements are tied.

Installation consists of the following steps:
1. Select a wiring diagram.
in the upper wiring, the expansion tank is mounted at the highest point of the room;
when using bottom wiring, hot water pipes are installed at the lowest point of the building. In this case, the return line, which returns the energy carrier to the boiler, is mounted below the hot pipe.

2. A detailed plan for the location of all elements is drawn up.

3. Installation begins with the boiler. Units operating on liquid and solid fuels are installed in a utility room on a concrete base.

4. The pump is mounted in the line through which the coolant moves from the radiators to the boiler.

5. Piping is being laid out. Polypropylene pipes are mounted using a soldering device. Steel structures are installed using welding. Metal-plastic ones are attached with fittings.

6. When installing radiators, the fins of the structure are located at the same level and without vertical deviations.

When installing the system, it is worth considering certain rules:
1. Radiators are located under window openings.
2. The distance from the bottom of the battery to the floor covering should be about 100 mm, and from the window sill to the battery at least 60 mm.
3. All sections around the perimeter of the house are located at the same height.
4. The system must have a drain.

After installation work, the system is filled with coolant and a test run is performed. At the same time, all connection areas and joints are inspected.

Heating system installation

When we talk about the heating system of a private home, first of all, experts begin to discuss its elements and in what sequence they are connected to each other. That is, a heating scheme for a private house is being discussed. For many ordinary people, this is practically a closed area, especially for those who live in apartment buildings. But those who decide to build their own private house are immediately faced with the problem of choosing a heating system design. And there are several types of them. This is what we will talk about in this article.

What do you need to know first?

Firstly, any heating circuit is a closed system.
Secondly, the composition must include: a heating boiler operating on different types of fuel, radiators that act as heat sources, and pipes through which the coolant will move. Plus several additional elements: shut-off valves, thermometers, pressure gauges, expansion tank, circulation pump, etc.
Thirdly, the principle of heating is that the coolant heated by the boiler moves through the pipes and enters the radiators, where it gives off its temperature to the air inside the rooms, and then moves through the pipes back to the boiler. After which the cycle repeats again.

Scheme with natural coolant circulation

Coolant movement methods

If we talk about the movement of the coolant, then there are two ways to move it:

Gravity flow, when hot water moves along the circuit according to the laws of physics, that is, according to the principle of natural convection. Most often this option is called natural coolant circulation.
Forced. Everything is simple here - the movement of water in the circuit is carried out using a pump. This method is called forced coolant circulation.

Features of a natural circulation system

In order for the coolant to move effectively along the heating piping diagram of a private house, it is necessary to follow some important rules.

Both the supply and return circuits should be installed with a slight inclination towards the movement of hot water.
The diameter of the pipes used in the return circuit must be larger than in the supply circuit.
This is the so-called open heating system. An expansion tank is installed in it, communicating with the atmosphere. Basically, it has a flip top. The expansion tank itself is installed above all the elements in order to create a certain coolant pressure.
This is a non-volatile system, except for the automation of the installed heating boiler.

Forced coolant circulation

To be honest, a natural circulation system has more disadvantages than advantages. This includes the complexity of the installation process associated with setting the slope of pipelines. This is the first. Secondly, it is highly inert; it is always difficult to control thermal processes in such heating systems. Third, you have to heat the coolant to high temperatures. And this means excessive fuel consumption and the inability to use modern materials. For example, plastic pipes on the supply circuit. Fourth, a large volume of coolant is required, which again takes a long time to heat up. Fifth, it is impossible to connect heated floors to such a system, which only work if there is a circulation pump.

Features of a forced circulation system

This option is many times better. True, it also has its drawbacks. One of them is the mandatory presence of electric current, because the pump will not work without this type of energy carrier. But in all other respects, this is a modern type of heating system for a private home. Especially when the house uses a single-pipe circuit. But more on that below.

Single-pipe scheme

So, forced circulation of the coolant creates certain conditions under which this system can operate. In principle, these conditions are advantages.

Any pipes of small diameters are used. There is no need to create a slope to the contours, which leads to simplified installation processes. The volume of coolant decreases.
Uniform distribution of coolant throughout the entire circuit.
Any type of radiator connection.
The installation of the expansion tank is a closed type, so it can be installed anywhere. Experts recommend on the return circuit near the heating boiler. By the way, such a scheme is often called a closed heating system for a private house.

Piping diagrams

And now we move on to the main question posed by the topic of our article: water heating schemes for a private house. There are two of them:

Single-pipe.
Two-pipe.

Heating manifold

Single pipe heating system

If we consider this option purely schematically, we get a looped pipe system in which the main element is the heating boiler. From it, pipes are routed through the rooms, usually along the floor, which returns to the boiler. Heating radiators are embedded in the pipes in each room, which are heated by the coolant entering them through the inserts.

What can be said about a single-pipe heating system for a private house?

It is the simplest, requiring a small amount of pipe and shut-off valves. And accordingly the cheapest.
It is possible to carry out hidden pipe routing by recessing them into the body of the floor.
This scheme is best used in low-rise construction.

One of the varieties of a single-pipe system is the Leningradka scheme. What is she? Let's start with the fact that it is used only for low-rise buildings. They try to make sure that the boiler is recessed below the floor base. This is a simple necessity if a natural circulation system is to be used. It is necessary to create such conditions so that hot water rises to the floor level and moves further along an almost horizontal pipe. Do not forget that slope is a prerequisite here. By the way, the photo below shows the Leningrad heating system of a private house.

Heating "Leningradka"

As you can see, the scheme is quite simple. By the way, the connection of radiators may not be the same as shown in the figure. For Leningradka this is not important. But this scheme has one significant drawback. Moving along the circuit from radiator to radiator, the coolant quickly loses its temperature. Reaching the extreme, it is practically already cold. The further the radiator is located from the boiler, the less thermal energy it receives, the cooler the rooms.

Is it possible to correct this situation? Can:

The number of sections in the outer radiators increases, thereby increasing the heat transfer area.
A pump is installed that evenly distributes the coolant throughout the heating radiators.
You can install a bypass line using a smaller diameter pipe. This method has not been used for a long time, it is too complicated.
Install an adjustment valve on each radiator, with which you can regulate the volume of coolant supply. In principle, this is a good option, but you will have to select the temperature regime in each room at random.

As mentioned above, the single-pipe scheme is often used in low-rise construction. But we recommend installing a circulation pump in the system for two- or three-story houses. This is the only way to achieve uniform distribution of hot water throughout all apartments and rooms. There is no other option here. By the way, this diagram is in the figure below.

Single-pipe scheme on two floors

Two-pipe system

A two-pipe heating system for a private house is considered the best option, which will provide heat to all rooms. What are its differences from a single-pipe?

There are two circuits: supply and return.
The diameter of the supply pipes is always smaller than the diameter of the return pipes.
Be sure to install a pipe vertically upward from the boiler, which is called the expansion section. It is here that the coolant picks up speed for subsequent movement through the system. This mainly applies to the natural circulation scheme.
From the supply circuit, risers descend into all rooms, connecting the supply to the radiators.
Typically, the supply circuit is carried out either under the ceiling or in the attic. In the second case, you will have to insulate either the attic or the pipes themselves.
The return is a pipe laid on the floor or in its body. It collects cooled coolant from all radiators, which enters the boiler.

Two-pipe heating scheme

The system is not the simplest; its cost is quite high, because a large number of pipes and shut-off valves are used. But it is precisely this that is the most effective. It has many advantages, I would like to mention some of them.

It is possible to turn off each radiator if it becomes necessary to repair it. At the same time, the remaining radiators operate normally.
You can adjust the temperature separately in each room.

If we consider the heating system of a one- or two-story private house, where a two-pipe junction was installed, then a more simplified version can be used. Experts call it with bottom wiring. The supply pipe and return pipe are laid on the floor. And the radiators are connected to each of the pipes at different ends. But for this you will have to install a circulation pump in the system. To help you understand what we are talking about, we suggest looking at the figure below.

Two-pipe circuit with bottom wiring

Autonomous heating systems in private houses perform one of the main functions in their arrangement. Not only the comfort of living depends on the correct distribution of heat in the premises. Heating also carries a structural load: it prevents the occurrence and spread of dampness, mildew and mold. With the constant rise in prices and expensive connection costs, the question of which heating is better in a private home is becoming increasingly relevant.

Autonomous heating has a number of advantages, but you still need to choose the right system Source 999.md

Heating systems: their selection and requirements applied to them

Today, various heating system design diagrams and equipment models for them are presented. There is no ideal option when choosing them. But there are basic rules that need to be followed - to achieve proper regulation, distribution and transfer of heat throughout all rooms of the building.

Video description

In our video we’ll talk about heating in a private country house. Our guest is the author and presenter of the Teplo-Voda channel Vladimir Sukhorukov:

Main criteria when choosing heating systems:

Minimum expenses with high heat transfer. Providing housing with the required amount of heat and low installation, operation and maintenance costs.

Maximum automation. To ensure safety, heating systems must be operated with the least possible human intervention in their operation.

High wear resistance of all elements. The necessary equipment must be selected taking into account its operational reliability.

In some cases, you can use the formula: “the simpler, the more reliable” Source promogaz.ru

Types of autonomous heating systems

All heating systems without exception are classified according to the type of fuel needed for their operation. If you need to constantly save on system energy consumption, and it is possible to use several types of fuel for heating, then the best solution would be to purchase combined equipment. These models have all the advantages of standard types of heating boilers and can operate on several types of fuel. For the purpose of familiarization, different types of installation are presented so that the developer can choose for himself which heating is best for a private home.

The boiler for the heating system can operate from any type of fuel Source nehomesdeaf.org

Water heating

One of the most recognized devices for individual heating systems in your home. The coolant here is a closed circuit pipeline with wiring, with water heated from the boiler circulating through it. Heating is installed in several ways: single or two-pipe, with batteries (cast iron, steel, bimetallic) or convector-type radiators. The heating boiler model is set taking into account the type of fuel.

Schemes of an autonomous water heating system

There are several options for installing such systems. When designing a private house, you need to carefully consider their choice.

For the purpose of familiarization, different types of installation are presented so that the developer can choose for himself which heating is best for a private home.

Wiring with separation according to the type of circulation system

assembly with natural circulation due to pressure difference;

installation with forced type of circulation.

Source remdominfo.ru

At the location where the supply line is laid

installation with top wiring;

installation with bottom wiring.

It makes sense to consider such schemes only when building a two or three-story house Source pinterest.com

By number of risers

single-pipe installation diagram;

two-pipe scheme.

Source suk.evesine.ru.net

By location of risers

vertical connection diagram;

horizontal connection diagram.

Source otoplenie-help.ru

According to the highway laying diagram

decoupling diagram with incidental highways;

decoupling diagram with dead-end highways.

A dead-end circuit is used with a small number of radiators Source dvamolotka.ru

Heating scheme "Leningradka"

The Leningradka scheme simplifies the process of adjusting the temperature for each individual room in the house.

pros:

constant volume liquids in coolants;

saving on fuel;

noiselessness at work;

simplicity in installation, maintenance and repair;

big term operation.

Minuses:

slow heating;

frequent cleaning radiators to increase heat transfer;

high possibility of leakage pipes in case of metal corrosion;

mandatory deletion fluids from the system before its conservation;

need for permanent job, to prevent liquid freezing during the cold season;

labor intensity during assembly.

Diagram of the Leningradka heating system Source promogaz.ru

Air heating

Heating of the home is carried out directly with air, which is heated by a gas air heater, water heat exchanger or electric heater and is distributed through the supply air ducts through the fan into the heated rooms of the house. Cooled air is taken from the premises through return air ducts, fresh air from the street is mixed with it, this mixture is cleaned of dust by a filter, and again supplied to the air heater for heating. And so on in a “circle” until the temperature in the house reaches the value set on the thermostat and the system turns off. When the temperature in the house drops by 1 degree, the thermostat will turn the system on again and so on.

Video description

In this video we will discuss whether it is possible to install air heating yourself:

Instead of heating the air in winter, in summer the air in such a system can be cooled by installing an air conditioner evaporator or a water cooler in the duct next to the air heater. The evaporator can be used to heat the air if the external unit of the air conditioner has a heat pump function.

If necessary, you can add a humidifier, air sterilizer, or additional HEPA filter to the channel.

Manufacturer of air heating systems - ATM Climate company Source smu-37.ru

pros:

High levels of comfort due to a combination of heating, ventilation and air filtration in the basic version.
Energy savings of up to 30% compared to other types of heating due to controlled ventilation.
High reliability, long service life and no threat of system defrosting.
Possibility of adjusting temperature conditions using a thermostat according to the program and via the Internet.
Opportunity to work in air conditioner and heat pump mode.
All types of air treatment in the house at “one point” (humidification, sterilization, additional filtration).
Ease of maintenance (replacement of filters and other replaceable system elements).

Minuses:

Air ducts occupy some part of the internal volume of the house.
Air ducts must be integrated into the structure and interior of the house at the design stage.

Steam heating

Heating installations with steam systems still remain in demand. The system works normally with various types of fuel - wood, gas, coal, electricity. When installing it, priority is given to combined heating methods (gas + electricity, solid fuel). The correct choice of fuel combination will significantly reduce the cost of heating a home.

Installation diagram of an autonomous steam heating system Source kevuza.recalobip.ru.net

Operating principle

In a steam boiler, the liquid is heated to the boiling point, and the resulting steam enters radiators or pipes. Gradually cooling, it condenses and flows back into the boiler. Operational reliability directly depends on the model of the steam boiler. It must be selected taking into account the area and engineering features of the building.

Pros of the system:

environmental purity;

fast heating houses regardless of their area;

cyclicality;

good heat transfer;

low probability b freezing of the system.

In general, the steam heating scheme does not differ from conventional water heating Source promogaz.ru

Minuses:

heat inside the coolant negatively affects the operational capabilities of the system;

availability required permitting documentation for commissioning;

there is no way to support a certain temperature regime inside the building;

noise when filling with steam;

need for constant monitoring due to the explosion hazard of steam boilers;

big price equipment;

complexity installation

Gas heating

If in the area where a private house is located there is no main line with gas, a system with liquefied gas heating is assembled. For this purpose, a gas tank is installed on a personal plot - a sealed container, which is periodically filled with propane butane.

A gas holder is essentially a large gas cylinder that is buried next to the house Source shumcity.ru

pros:

ecologically pure heat source;

increase service life equipment;

full autonomy.

Minuses:

labor intensity installation;

inconvenience refueling;

problems with receiving permitting documents;

high cost installations;

constant control from service departments;

if there is no connection to the gas main, then it is necessary availability of special installations for fuel storage.

design of country houses and turnkey heating and insulation systems for houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Heating with electric installations

Rising energy prices have significantly affected the popularity of installing heating systems using electricity. This approach is economically justified only in the absence of other alternative options. Electric fireplaces, convectors, infrared heaters, and heated floors act as coolants in electrical systems.

Source promogaz.ru

Source ua.all.biz

Advantages of heating with energy carriers:

relatively small cost of equipment for installation;

it is possible to use electric boilers to obtain hot water supply;

environmental friendliness;

possibility of automation to maintain optimal temperature conditions in the building;

not necessary in expensive maintenance;

possibility of rearrangement heating device from one room to another.

Minuses:

high power consumption (up to 24 kW/hour) and considerable cost of electronic media;

need to install additional multiphase distributors;

if possible power outages the entire circuit fails.

Geothermal installation to create a heating circuit

Choose to heat a private home, using the earth's energy resources for this purpose - to obtain an environmentally friendly and economical source of heat for heating a private home. 98% of the sun's energy is accumulated in the soil layers, which is the basis for fuel production. Regardless of the time of year and temperature on the surface, heat is retained in the deep layers of the soil.

Scheme of arrangement of a geothermal heating system Source promogaz.ru

A geothermal installation consists of external and internal circuits. The external circuit (heat exchanger) is located below ground level. The internal circuit is a conventional system located in the house and assembled from pipes and heating radiators. The coolant is water or other liquid containing antifreeze.

pros:

possibility of setting up and starting up the system in different climatic conditions;

environmental safety;

permanent obtaining the required amount of thermal energy;

small expenses for operation.

Video description

Minuses:

high cost purchasing the necessary equipment;

payback installation is possible only after 7-8 years;

labor intensity installation;

need for construction collector.

Heating with solar panels

An alternative and environmentally friendly way to obtain heat is to install heating using solar collectors. In regions with low solar activity, this method is used as a backup or additional option.

For the greatest efficiency of the system, it is necessary to correctly position the batteries on the roof Source finetodesign.com

pros:

big service life;

fast payback;

availability installation equipment;

the best option for heat generation from electric heaters and when installing heated floors;

environmental safety;

simplicity in operation;

no costs for the purchase of fuel.

Video description

Minuses:

need for constant sunlight;

necessity in complex calculations for correct installation of photocells;

roof installation at a 30 degree angle;

preferably have a spare source of heat available.

Stove heating

The use of fireplaces and stoves is advisable only as a source of additional or temporary heat energy when installing heating systems in individual construction. Mainly used for heating country houses. In private houses with a large area, with permanent residence of people, they have no efficiency, since they are not able to ensure uniformity in the supply of heat throughout all rooms. Or you will have to additionally install a water heating system, and use the stove itself as a beautiful wood-burning boiler

The stove is more suitable for a small house Source chrome-effect.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer turnkey installation of stoves and fireplaces. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Conclusion

In order to decide on the optimal option for arranging autonomous heating systems and finally figure out which heating system to choose for a private home, it is advisable, first of all, to analyze which type of fuel is most available in a given area. The decision in favor of installing a suitable heating system depends on this.

Type