Adonis flower (adonis): different types with photos, planting and care. Adonis (adonis) planting and care propagation medicinal properties Adonis garden

A beautiful early flowering perennial, which is not the last among those used in. It is also widely known for its medicinal qualities. Listed in the International Red Book due to systematic destruction.

Description

A unique plant because it can be grown both; belongs to the Buttercup family. Grows in temperate climates of Europe and Asia. Regardless of the species, this flower creates low but rather lush bushes, which during flowering are covered with bright yellow and red, similar to flowers.

Adonis Characteristics:

• with single or branched stems up to 50 cm high, on which there are leaves consisting of many narrow finger-shaped segments;
• grows in sunny places and in partial shade, prefers light fertile ones;
• demanding of soil moisture and cannot tolerate drying out;
• One flower grows on the stem - bright, with glossy petals, up to 6 cm in diameter. The flowering period depends on the species and can last from April to June;
• the fruit is a multi-hazel, numbering up to 30 wrinkled seeds, at the end of which there is a spout;
• all types of plants do not tolerate transplantation well;
• adonis is medicinal, and its use in medicine is widespread, but along with this it also has contraindications.

Did you know? According to ancient Greek mythology, the flower is a symbol of love between the goddess Aphrodite and the common man Adonis, who was mortally wounded by a boar during a hunt. The goddess mourned her beloved for a long time and in memory of him, from drops of his blood, she grew flowers that bloom in early spring.

Common types

The genus Adonis consists of 32 species of annual and perennial plants. Let's look at the most common of them.

Adonis summer

The plant is widespread in western Europe and Central Asia. People also call it “an ember in the fire.” It has the following characteristics:

• annual up to 50 cm high with straight stems that sometimes branch;
• the leaves are petiolate and consist of dissected parts;
• One small flower with a diameter of up to 3 cm grows on the stem. Its petals are red with a black base. Blooms all summer;
• the seeds germinate very poorly, so it is best to sow in the fall, since in winter they will undergo a natural procedure and germinate well in the spring;
• prefers light areas, but can also bloom in partial shade;
• grows on any and very hot days is necessary.

Of all the varieties of Adonis, this variety is the most common, widely known and in demand. It grows in the steppe zone of Europe, the Caucasus and Crimea. Spring Adonis is also popularly called: Montenegrin, hare poppy, spring adonis. It can be described like this:

• perennial plant, up to 40 cm high. Grows in the wild on forest edges or clearings, as well as among numerous thickets;
• the stems are bare and smooth, located vertically upward. almost no branches;
• the leaves have an elongated oval shape up to 2 cm in length and consist of many divided lobules;
• the root is short and thick, located strictly vertically, and thread-like roots of a dark brown color extend to the sides;
• the flower grows at the top of a stem with a diameter of 5 cm and has a rich yellow color. Depending on the climatic conditions of the area where it grows, the flowering period lasts from mid-spring to early summer. The flower appears immediately after the snow melts, and then the green mass of the plant grows;
• the fruits ripen in July, are ovoid in shape and are located in wrinkled boxes of 30 pieces each;
• a medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of heart ailments.

Spring adonis has been known in culture since the 16th century. In Europe, breeders created garden and home forms of the plant, which have been widely used in landscape design since the 18th century.

Grows in the Far East, Japan and other territories. A perennial plant with the following characteristics:

• plant height is up to 15 cm. The stems are bare, they have dissected bright green leaves on long cuttings;
• The bright yellow flowers reach 5 cm in diameter and appear before the leaves. The flowering period lasts about half a month;
• The plant reproduces by dividing the bush, because its seeds have zero germination.

In Japan, Adonis Amur has been cultivated for a long time. Many varieties have been created there. Eg:

1. "Benten" is a white flower with a fringe along the edge of the petal;
2. "Ramosa" is a double flower of dark red color;
3. “Hinomoto” - the inside of the petals are dark orange with a red tint, and the outside is bronze-green.

This is the only plant species that, after careful selection, has retained all the characteristics of a wild representative, changing only the color of the flower.

Another name for this variety is Apennine. The perennial flower grows in Mongolia, Siberia and eastern Russia. It can be described like this:

• grow up to 60 cm in height. If weather conditions are suitable for their growth, they grow well and their stems branch;
• the flowers have a large number of deep yellow petals. A fully bloomed bud is about 6 cm in diameter;
• flowering occurs in May-June;
• The aerial part is used as a medicinal raw material, and it is harvested from the beginning of flowering to the ripening of the fruit.

This species is found in Tibet and the Tien Shan. It is included in the International Red Book. There are few places left where you can find golden adonis, and its numbers are declining as people uncontrollably collect the plant as a medicinal raw material. It looks like this:

• perennial with high decorative and medicinal qualities;
• In nature, a flower blooms at 25 years of age, and the plant lives up to 100 years. When grown in the garden, it grows for no more than 20 years;
• bushes up to 40 cm high with long leaves that have a triple dissection;
• The flowers are yellow in color, the outer side of the petals has a purple tint.

This plant species is found in Central Asia and the Pamirs. This perennial has the following characteristics:

• reaches a height of up to 70 cm, the trunk is covered with curly hairs;
• flowers are solitary, up to 6 cm in diameter, yellow-orange, the lower part of the petals is light blue;
• the peculiarity of this species is that at the same time the plant has buds, open flowers and seeds;
• the stems contain side shoots of several orders, so one adult bush can have up to 250 flowers;
• loves rich in organic matter;
• The plant is medicinal and its aerial part is used in medicine.

Planting in open ground

One of the ways to obtain high-quality planting material is to plant seeds in open ground. To do this, you need to know some nuances: the correct sowing and care of seedlings.

Important! If seedlings do not appear in the spring, there is no need to worry, because they can germinate in a year. To do this, the soil must be kept moist.

When to plant adonis

Since the seeds of the plant quickly lose their ability to germinate, sowing annual species of Adonis flower in the ground must be done immediately after collecting them. The planting procedure is carried out in November, with the planting material being deepened a couple of centimeters into the ground. Perennials germinate well if the seeds were obtained from plants that are at least six years old, and they germinate at 5°C. As with annual species, planting is carried out in the fall before winter. If seed material is purchased at a specialized store, then sowing in the ground is carried out in the spring.

Sowing seeds

For sowing, it is necessary to prepare soil consisting of sand, leaf soil and (3: 1: 1). The seeds are planted in moist soil to a depth of 2 cm. If we plant in a greenhouse in the spring, we cover the planting site with plastic film to create a microclimate. Shoots appear after 14 days. Before winter, we sow the seeds in containers with the same soil as for the greenhouse. Store in a cool place; When the snow falls, we take the boxes outside and cover them with snow. The first shoots will appear in the spring at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C.

Important! Please note that before the onset of cold weather, the transplanted sections must take root, and this requires at least a month.

Seedling care

The key to strong seedlings is compliance with the characteristics of cultivation, which imply proper lighting and regular use. Flower crops need bright, but at the same time diffused sunlight. Watering is carried out as the soil dries, followed by loosening it. As the seedlings grow, they are broken through, leaving a distance between them of at least 15 cm. If the seedlings have grown and become stronger, they are transplanted into open ground to a permanent habitat. Depending on when the seedlings appeared, the time for replanting them may be spring or autumn.

Reproduction

Adonis can be propagated by dividing the bush and sowing seeds. The second option was described above, but let's talk about the first now:

• The procedure is suitable for plants no younger than 4 years old. It is carried out in August and September, but it can also be done in the spring only before the sap begins to flow;
• Dig out the bush carefully so as not to damage the roots. The cuttings must be large, have one bud for growth and roots;
• the cuts must be disinfected by sprinkling them and immediately planted;
• The planting site is dug deeply with the addition of .

Caring for planted trees is the same as for seedlings. If flowers appear on the plant, you need to cut them off so that the plant does not waste its energy on them. Otherwise, young, poorly rooted bushes may simply die.

Important! H In order for the Adonis divisions to take root well and grow, large bushes need to be divided only into two parts.

Care

If a suitable place is chosen for planting a flower and it is fertile, caring for it will not be difficult:

• the plant is very demanding on soil moisture - it should not dry out, but it also does not like stagnant moisture;
• the ground around the bushes must be loosened so that a crust does not form, which blocks the access of oxygen to the roots;
• buds located on the surface of the ground, from which sprouts will appear next year, must be covered with soil during the season;
• complex ones are applied twice a season: when buds form and in early autumn;
• reacts poorly to transplantation. If necessary, please note: the bush is dug up with a lump of earth so that the roots are not damaged;
• The plant is winter-hardy, so there is no need to dig it up for the winter - just in the fall, carefully cut the stems at a distance of 2-4 cm from the ground.

Diseases and pests

Since the plant is very poisonous, it is not susceptible to any

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Adonis is a medicinal herb that is of great interest for medicine. Based on Adonis extract, tablets and tinctures are produced that show high effectiveness in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia, kidney diseases, and to maintain heart function.

Adonis flower

Adonis spring flower (adonis vernalis - Latin name) is a herbaceous representative of the genus of the Ranunculaceae family, includes 20-45 species of multi- and annuals. Grows in Asia and Europe. Annual medicinal plant: Adonis summer - blooms in summer, found in southern Russia, Central Asia and Western Europe; autumn hairy plant - common in the Mediterranean, blooms in summer. Adonis perennial: Volga; Amur; spring; Siberian. The plant is endangered, it is not listed in the Red Book, it is included in the Appendix of the CITES Convention.

Adonis spring - description

Adonis spring plant is a perennial medicinal flower:

• Height reaches 60 cm.
• It has a wide rhizome with a diameter of up to 4 cm.
• The stem of the plant has no leaves; they are located at the very bottom and look like small scales.
• The flowers are bright yellow, can be seen in the photo, located at the top of the branch. The size is large, diameter up to 6 cm.
• The adonis flower grows in Russia, Crimea, Siberia, Young and Central Europe. Found in forests, mountain slopes, and flat areas. Adonis blooms in spring.
• Fruits: seed-leaflets with a hook-shaped spout.
• Popular names of the plant: Montenegrin, yellowflower, starodubka.

Adonis - medicinal properties and contraindications

Preparations based on the herb adonis have beneficial properties for the body:

• vasodilator;
• diuretic – excess fluid is removed, effective for kidney diseases;
• stabilize heart rate;
• normalize sleep and act as a sedative, especially on the nervous system;
• anticonvulsant;
• cardiotonic;
• painkiller.

The medicinal properties and contraindications of Adonis vernacular are associated with the medicinal components included in its composition. For a long time, the plant has been used as a remedy for the treatment of kidney and heart diseases (neurosis, chronic failure). For example, hare poppy, when used simultaneously with bromine, can treat epilepsy. Indications for the use of the medicinal herb kupavnik are as follows:

• heart disease, especially at the stage of decompensation;
• shortness of breath associated with heart rhythm disturbances;
• kidney disease and inflammation (dropsy, kidney stones);
• glaucoma;
• jaundice;
• myositis;
• fever;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• insomnia;
• convulsions caused by taking camphor and pyrotoxin. Adonis helps with convulsions caused by an overdose of narcotic drugs;
• enhances the body's resistance to infectious diseases, influenza, pneumonia, scarlet fever;
• painkiller, prescribed for diseases of the muscles or joints.

The most important functioning substances of the plant are cardiac glycosides; they have a positive effect in the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system. They can increase the stroke volume of the heart and slow down the heart rate. Medications obtained from Adonis, due to their properties, are used for heart failure and cardiac neuroses. Adonis is very poisonous, it is necessary to follow the rules of administration.

In case of overdose, you should call a doctor, do a gastric lavage, and take activated charcoal. Bed rest and a gentle diet are prescribed, but taking emetics is not recommended. Adonis-based medications should not be used if a person has:

• pregnancy, lactation;
• peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
• colitis (acute and chronic forms of the disease);
• hypertensive diseases;
• increased blood clotting;
• tachycardia, bradycardia;
• tendency to form blood clots.

Herb Adonis - application

Spring adonis is approved for use in medicine and is recognized as a medicinal product. The use of Adonis spring must be strictly according to the instructions, otherwise severe poisoning is likely. Consult your physician before using the herb. For children (only over 3 years old), 1-2 tsp is recommended. The dose depends on the age and condition of the child.

Infusion of adonis herb

Treatment with Adonis is popular in folk medicine. A tincture made from adonis is recommended for heart disease, dropsy, kidney inflammation, swelling, and infectious diseases (scarlet fever, typhus, influenza). Adonis infusion is prepared as follows: 1 tbsp. l. herbs should be poured 1 tbsp. boiling water, leave for 30 minutes, strain. Let cool, take a medicinal decoction 3 times a day, 1 tsp.

In spring, gardeners look forward to the first primroses, which delight and lift the spirits. One of the first and most beautiful flowers is Adonis. Graceful openwork foliage and bright sunny flowers with a slight reflection attract with their beauty and long-lasting flowering. Planting a wonderful early flowering plant is, in principle, not difficult, and caring for it is simple, but it will still require some effort and time. Adonis also has the names adonis, starodubka, goldenflower and many others.

Botanical description and species diversity

Adōnis is a genus from the Ranunculaceae family. The genus includes more than 30 species, which grow mainly in lowland steppes, in mountains, near rocks in cool regions of Europe and Asia, including Siberia, the Caucasus, and Crimea.

The root system is represented by a rhizome with developed cord-like roots. The stems of Adonis can be simple or branched of different heights: during the growth period - up to 20 cm, after flowering - up to 50 cm. The leaf blades are palmately divided into narrow lobes or multiple pinnate, reminiscent of pine needles.

Quite large flowers (up to 5-6 cm in diameter) are located singly at the ends of the shoots and have a bright color of all shades of yellow, red and snow-white. The flowering period begins in mid-April, depending on the species. Up to 50 buds can form on one adult bush. After flowering, the stems stretch out and the lush bush usually falls apart. The fruit is a multi-nut. The flower has been used in ornamental gardening since the late 16th – early 17th centuries.

This is interesting! The flower opens with the first rays of the sun and closes from 14.00 to 16.00, and in cloudy weather or at low temperatures the bud “sleeps”.

• Spring - perennial herbs 10-30 cm high. Stems are erect, densely leafy with palmately dissected round leaves. The apical flowers have 10-15 petals of bright golden yellow color. Flowering begins in early spring. Plants of this species are frost-resistant down to –40°C.
• Autumn - annual herbs 30-40 cm high. Erect stems practically do not branch and have triply pinnate, dissected leaf blades. Small flowers have 6-8 petals, which are colored deep red. Flowering - late May - early June. Cold-resistant – down to –35°C.
• Summer - annuals up to 50 cm high. Erect stems branch in the upper part. The leaves are double or triple pinnate and dissected. Flowers with 6-8 petals of red or orange color, each of which has a black spot at the base. The buds bloom in April - early summer, depending on the climate. Withstands frosts down to –20°C.
• Volzhsky - perennials no more than 15-20 cm high. A few straight stems are densely leafy with palmately dissected leaves. Small flowers with numerous petals are yellow in color. Flowering – April-May. Frost-resistant – down to –35°C. Grows in poor soils.
• Amur is a species that includes perennial herbs 5-15 cm high. The stems are weakly branched with deeply pinnately dissected leaves on long petioles. The flowers are larger than those of other Adonis species and have 20-30 widely open yellow petals. It blooms very early in warm regions at the end of winter - very beginning of spring, as soon as the snow melts. Highly decorative and frost-resistant down to –30°C. It is unpretentious in planting and care.
• Mongolian - numerous shoots have a height of up to 30 cm. The middle leaves are openwork. The flowers are quite large with white petals. Blooms massively at the end of May. Endemic to Mongolia.
• Golden is a rare perennial plant for Russian gardening, native to Central Asia. The bushes are about 50 cm high and have multiple cut leaf blades. The number of bottles is up to 30 bright yellow. The population size is significantly declining due to the anthropogenic factor.

The Legend of Adonis

There is an interesting legend associated with this wonderful flower. According to Greek mythology, the plant is named after the handsome Cypriot king Adonis, with whom the goddess of beauty Aphrodite herself was in love. He loved to hunt fierce wild animals. One day, the capture of a wild boar became fatal for Adonis; the beast pounced and killed him on the spot. But Zeus took pity and ordered the god of the earthly kingdom of the dead, Hades, to release Adonis for six months every spring, and from the tears of Aphrodite, mourning her beloved, a beautiful flower grew. Now Adonis comes to earth when all nature rejoices, blossoms and is clothed in greenery.

Reproduction

Adonis are mainly sown by seed in spring or early autumn. The seeds have low germination, and some can sprout only a year or several years after sowing. If the seeds are sown in the fall before the onset of frost, they will undergo stratification under natural conditions and will sprout more uniformly in the spring.

Only mature bushes older than 4-5 years are propagated by division. Although, it should be noted that when transplanted, the plants develop poorly and may not bloom at all for several years.

In the garden, Adonis can grow in one place for more than 10, and sometimes more than 30 years, without transplanting. For example, under natural conditions, golden adonis blooms only in 35-40 years, but lives up to 300 years.

Landing Features

The site for planting Adonis is preferably sunny and protected, and the optimal climatic conditions are cool with warm summers. Fertile soils with a slightly alkaline reaction, which have high moisture and air permeability, are well suited. Flowers will grow in light partial shade.

Immediately after collecting from the seed pods, the seeds can be sown in the garden bed. Freshly collected seed material can also be sown in containers with fertile soil from a mixture of garden soil, humus and sand. Containers are stored in a cool, dry place and dug under the snow. You can save the seed material in a moist substrate in the vegetable section of the refrigerator, and then germinate it in a greenhouse.

Seeds are usually sown on a prepared site in early September or in April - early May. Favorable temperature for seedling germination is 18-22°C. The shoots, which should appear in 2-3 weeks, are thinned out, leaving stronger ones. The distance between plants is left 15-20 cm. Seedlings need protection from direct sunlight and watering. Young bushes grow relatively poorly and take a long time, and bloom only after 4-5 years of life.

Important! Adonis are sensitive to transplants at any age and may not take root, so it is recommended to immediately select a permanent place for sowing seeds and not use vegetative methods for propagation (dividing the bush).

Features of agricultural technology

The set of care measures is not complicated and consists of watering, especially if it is hot, as well as loosening the soil and timely removal of weeds. The soil should always be moderately moist.

If the garden soil is not fertile, then for abundant flowering you need complex fertilizing 3 times during the growing season. It is better to add organic matter the first time in the spring, and fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium the next two times in the summer.

After flowering, Adonis are cut off very carefully so as not to damage the growth buds, which are laid for several years in advance. You cannot cut the plant at the root.

Application and cultivation

Some types of Adonis (spring, golden, Apennine, etc.) have beneficial properties and are used for the manufacture of cardiotonic medications that stimulate myocardial activity. Dry extracts, infusions, and tablets are prepared from plants, which are used for heart failure, cardiosclerosis and other heart diseases. Self-treatment should be carried out with caution, since plant parts can be poisonous if improperly collected and prepared.

Beautiful adonis look gorgeous in group plantings and in mixborders with other primroses: violets, primroses, anemones. At the same time, it is beneficial to plant hostas nearby, which will hide unsightly wilted bushes with lush foliage. Adonis are planted along garden paths, in flowerbeds, rock gardens and rock gardens, adding bright and truly spring accents to garden design.

). But up close, the small flowers look a little like poppies—red, with a dark spot on each petal. For this reason it is often called “Ember in the Fire”. The lush greenery is not very densely covered with flowers, they seem to be buried in greenery. This interesting plant is summer adonis.

Many people know the annual Adonis vernatum - an early flowering plant with golden flowers and feathery foliage. which is one of the first to bloom in the garden. But not everyone knows that among the 32 species of the genus Adonis of the Ranunculaceae family, there are also annual species. One of them is called the summer Adonis. This is a plant of the Russian flora, characterized by an annual development cycle and red flowers. Unlike spring Adonis, it blooms all summer.

Adonis summer, or summer adonis (Adonis aestivalis) in nature it grows from the south of Western Siberia through Central Asia, the Caucasus, Crimea, southern Ukraine to Western Europe and North Africa. Avoids deserts and highlands (above 2000 m), more often found among bushes, meadows, steppes, and roadsides.

This is an annual herbaceous plant 3-60, less often – 100 cm tall. Stems are erect, simple or branched, grooved, without pubescence. The leaves are alternate, sessile, twice or thrice pinnately dissected into thin linear segments. The flowers are arranged singly at the tops of the stems, have a bright red-purple corolla up to 3.5 cm in diameter, with a dark purple-black spot at the base of the petal, with numerous stamens and pistils (30-40 each). There is a form with orange petals with a dark spot. For its color, it acquired the common name “Ember on the Fire”, and in English-speaking countries - “Pheasant's eye”. The sepals are pressed to the petals, widely obovate. The fruits are nuts, have a characteristic nose sticking up.

Flowering in nature (for example, in the Caucasus) is in spring, in May-June, after which the plant dies off as an ephemeral. In central Russia it decorates gardens throughout the summer - from June to autumn.

In our garden centers you can find seeds of several varieties of red spring Adonis:

• Ogonyok– up to 50 cm tall, petals without black spots;
• Ember on fire– up to 50 cm in height;
• Cherubino– up to 30 cm tall, with flowers 2-3 cm in diameter;
• Little Red Riding Hood

Reproduction

Adonis summer is propagated by sowing seeds. Seeds have far from 100% germination, so you need to take more seeds. It is best to sow in open ground before winter - this way the seeds undergo natural cold stratification.

You can sow this plant in early spring, in late April - early May. It is advisable to subject the seeds to cold stratification for several months at +5 o C before spring sowing. Sow them immediately to a permanent place in open ground or in a greenhouse. Shoots appear unfriendly, within 2 weeks or more.

The development of seedlings is slow at first. If necessary, they are thinned out according to a 25x30 cm pattern, after which they are shaded, and after a week they are fed with complex mineral fertilizer.

Growing

Summer Adonis grows on any well-drained and not too poor soil - loam, sandy loam. It is advisable to ensure that the soil acidity is close to neutral or slightly alkaline. It loves the sun, although under favorable weather conditions it will bloom in partial shade.

It only needs weeding at first, since later it forms a thick cover of greenery.

During dry periods it needs watering. Feeding is carried out not only at the initial stages of development, but also during the budding period.

Usage

This long-blooming plant is ideal for flower beds, especially those that need to be filled with lush greenery. Low varieties provide original borders, while tall varieties hide unsightly places well. It is a good idea to plant this plant between shrubs that bloom in the spring.

On the western and eastern slopes of rocky hills, the plant goes well with primroses, arabis, and sea lobularia.

Cut flowers stand well when cut; bouquets attract with the tenderness of their foliage and bright flowers.

In addition to decorative properties, summer Adonis also has medicinal properties. In Europe it is a pharmacopoeial plant. However, all parts of the plant are poisonous and if consumed internally can cause not only nausea and stomach pain, but also more serious consequences - convulsions, confusion. Therefore, you should handle it carefully and not prepare and use medicinal drugs yourself.